Rishikesh Pandey Welfare State Foundation for New Nepal

…sNof0fsf/L /fHo Joj:yfM gofF g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] cfwf/Ú

—ClÈs]z kf08]

                Email: itsmehimalaya@gmail.com

aiff{}+ b]lv zflGt zAb hKbf hKbf, /ft lbg cys ?kdf cfGbf]ng ubf{ ubf{, hgcfGbf]ng @ df @% hgf g]kfnLn] kl/jt{gsf]nflu cfkm\gf] k|f0fsf] cfx'tL lb+bf, xhf/f}+ g]kfnLsf] /utn] ;8s, uNnLx? /+lu+bf, nfvf}+ g]kfnLn] uug e]bL gf/f nufpFbf g]kfndf kl/jt{g cfof] . Pp6f /fhg}lts kl/jt{g, zflGt tkm{sf] klxnf] v'6\lsnf] . xf] g]kfnL hgtfn] hgcfGbf]ng @ kl5 s]xL zflGtsf] cg'ej ug{ kfpFbf gkfpFb} t/fO{ hNg yfNof], kxf8 pDng yfNof] . lo hnfO{ / pDnfO{x?df olb slx+ st} /fi6«lxt lj?4sf] :jfy{ n's]sf 5}gg\ eg] lolgx? ;dfj]zLs/0f, :jklxrfg / clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttfsf]nflu ePsf yk cfGbf]ng x'g\ g} . hgtfn] nf]stflGqs ;/sf/ :yfkgf ePsf] Ps jif{ leq}df ;+ljefg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] cfzf u/]sf ePklg ;/sf/n] hgcfGbf]ng @ sf] ;kmntfsf] eG8} 8]9 jif{ kl5 cfufdL d+l;/df ;+ljefg;efsf] lgjf{rg u/fpg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 / lgjf{rg cfof]u o; dxfgsfo{sf] ce'tk"j{ ;kmntfsf]nflu h'6L ;s]sf] 5 . clzIff, cGofo / ul/jLsf] rk]6fdf lklN;Psf] g]kfnL ;dfhn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg s'g?kdf ljutsf lgjf{rg eGbf km/s 5 / o;n] s] lbG5 eGg] ;DjGwdf :ki6 e};s]sf 5}gg\ . cfzf u/f}+ lgjf{rg cfof]u, /fhg}lts kf6L{x? tyf gfu/Ls ;dfh / clwsf/jfbL ;+3 ;:yfx?sf] ;+o'Qm / cxf]/fqsf] v6fO{n] hgtf o;jf/]df l5§} ;'z'lrt x'g]5g\ .

;+ljwfg;efn] vfgf, gfgf, / 5fgf lb+b}g t/ ;+ljwfg;efn] vfgf, gfgf, / 5fgfsf] clwsf/ lbG5 . o;n] ;8s, k'n, ljh'nL / gx/ lb+b}g t/ ljsfzsf] clwsf/ lbG5 . To:t} ;+ljwfg;efn] ljBfno tyf :j:Yos]Gb| lb+b}g, t/ lzIff / :j:Yosf] clwsf/ lbG5 . ;+ljwfg;efn] hUuf hdLg klg lb+b}g t/ e"dLsf] clwsf/ lbG5 eGg] h:tf jfSo+z eg]/ ef]s, /f]u / clzIffn] lk8Lt hgtfnfO{ a'emfpg Tolt ;lhnf] 5}g . hgtfnfO{ t lo ;a} If]qdf tTsfn /fxtsf] cfjZoStf 5 . hgtf o:tf ljleGg ;]jf ;'ljwfx?sf] cefjd} ?dNnL/xg' k¥of] eg] k|lts[ofjbLsf] axsfpdf nfUg] x'G5g\ jf clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug]{ gfddf s'g} ;z:q ;d'xdf ;fd]n x'g]5g\ . ctM /fHon] ;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t gofF ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgdf{0fsf] k|s[of ;+u ;+u} b]zsf] bL3{sfnLg of]hgfnfO{ ;dofj4 ?kdf b]z slxn] s'g :t/df k'Ug]5 / To; :t/df k'Ug s] s:tf /0flgtLx? cjnDjg u/Lg] 5 eGg] jf/]df a[xt u[xsfo{ u/L bL3{sfnLg of]hgf lgdf0f{ u/L ;f]xL cg'?k cuf8L a9\g' kg]{ cfjZostf 5 / To:tf] of]hgf sNof0fsf/L /fHo :yfkgfsf] vflt/ x'g' kb{5 .  

jt{dfg kl/l:yltdf ljleGg ;d'xn] ;+rfng u/]sf lx+;fTds ultljlwx? jf6 hgtfnfO{ t6:y /fVg klg /fHon] sNof0fsf/L /fHo Joj:yf sf] lglt lng' cfjZos 5 . ;/sf/sf k6s k6s zflGtjftf{sf] cfJxfg ubf{ klg zflGtjftf{ jf6 lgsf; lgsfNg sltko lab|f]xL ;+u7gx?n] grfxg' / ;/sf/n] lab|f]xL nfO{ ?kfGt/0f ug]{ k|of; ug'{sf] abnf wlDssf] efiff k|of]u ug'{ tyf zlQm k|ofu u/L lab|f]xLnfO{ bafpg] dgl:ytL agfpg' nfO{ z'e ;+s]tsf] ?kdf lng ;lsb}g . zflGtjftf{ jf6 lgsf; lgsfNg grfxg]x? ;d'xnfO{ ;/sf/n] n] xf]O{g hgtfn] dfq ;S5g\ . To;}n]  ;/sf/n] hg sNof0fsf] /0flglt cjnDjg ub}{ hgefjgf cg';f/sf] nf]stflGqs k4lt jf6 /fHo ;+rfng u/]df zflGt tkm{sf] uf/]6f] km/flsn] x'g]5 . g]kfnsf] jt{dfg ;d:of o:tf] cj:yfdf k'lu;s]sf] 5 ls ;a} lt/sf c;xdltsf :j/x?nfO{ l;+uf] /fi6« lgdf{0fsf] d'nwf©df Nofpg] sfo{ Psf–Ps x'g ;St}g . s}of}+ k':tf b]lv lt/:s[tx?nfO{ d'nwf/df Nofpg, bzs nfdf] ;z:q åGå lauf/]–eTs]sf ;fdflhs, cfly{s, tyf /fhg}lts ;+/rgfx?sf] k'gMlg{df{0f ug{≤ ljif]z u/L @)$^ ;fnsf] kl/jt{g kl5 ;+:yfut ePsf] s'zf;g, e|i6frf/, clVtof/ b'?kof]u, gftfjfb—s[kfjfbnfO{ pN6\ofpg nfdf] ;do nfU5 g} . ctM jt{dfg ;/sf/n] ;a} g]kfnLn] ;Ddfg kfpg] sNof0fsf/L /fHosf] :yfkgfsf] k|s[of cuf8L a9fPdf ;a} gfu/Lssf ;a} vfn] clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf x'g]5 / clwsf/sf] nflu xfn e}/x]sf lab|f]xsf] cf}lrTo ;dfKt x'g]5 . xfn g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ jf:tjdf To:tf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;+oGqsf] cfjZostf 5 h;n] hgtfsf ;a} vfn] clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf u/f]; . To;}n] sNof0fsf/L /fHodf hgtfsf ;a} vfn] clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf x'g]x'Fbf gofF g]kfnsf] :yfkgf sNof0fsf/L /fHo Joj:yf jf6 dfq ;+ej 5 .

sNof0fsf/L /fHosf] :yfkgf u/L ljBdfg ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf /fhg}lts zlQmsf] c;dfg ljt/0fnfO{ ;Gt'ngdf Nofpg ;/sf/n] Pp6f /fli6«o cf}Ètsf] hLjg:t/ lgwf{/0f u/L ;f] eGbf tNnf]:t/sf gful/ssf] hLjg:t/ p7fpg k|ToIf ;sf/fTds x:tIf]ksf] lglt lng' cfjZos 5 . r':t ;/sf/L ;+oGq / zzQm ;fdflhs ;'/Iff Joj:yfsf] :yfkgf / nfu' jf6 sNof0fsf/L /fHoJoj:yfsf] :yfkgftkm{ cuf8L a9\g ;lsG5 . sNof0fsf/L /fHoJoj:yfdf g]tfn] geO{ kl/kf6L jf ;+oGqn] zf;g ug]{ x'gfn] o;n] hgtfnfO{ ;'zf;g / ;fdflhs ;'/Iff lbG5 . o:tf] k|sf/sf] zf;g k4ltn] ;a} g]kfnLsf] ljgf ;fdfhLs, cfly{s, n}lËs, ef}uf]nLs tyf hftLo lje]b ;a}sf] ;a} k|sf/sf clwsf/sf] ;'/Iff ug]{ 5 . tj ;flRrs} clwsf/ k|flKtsf]nflu ePsf lab|f]xx? la:tf/} ;]nfpg] 5g\ eg] s;}sf] lglxt :jfy{sf]nflu ul/Psf syLt lab|f]xx?sf] klxrfg x'g]5 / /fHonfO{ To:tf :jfy{ lgxLt JolQm jf ;d'xx?nfO{ ?kfGt/0f ug{ ;3fp k'Ug]5 .

sNof0fsf/L /fHoJoj:yfsf] ;'?jftsf]nfuL jt{dfg ;/sf/ ;a}eGbf /fd«f] ljsNk x'g ;S5 lsgsL Ps t ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg / ;+ljwfg;ef dfkmt{ gofF ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f Pp6f nfdf] / r/0fj4 k|s[of xf] h;n] hgtfnfO{ t'?Gt} kl/jt{g lbg ;St}g . csf]{ tkm{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg / ;+ljwfg;ef dfkmt{ gofF ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f kl5 aGg] ;/sf/n] xfnsf] ;/sf/n] h:t} cGt/fli6«o ;xof]u / ;dy{g kfpFg] 5 eGg] lglZrttf 5}g . ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg kl5 olb jfdklGyx?sf] ax'dtdf ;+ljwfg;ef / ;/sf/ ag]df sNof0fsf/L /fHo Joj:yfg} :yfkgf ug]{ / nf]stflGqs ;/sf/ ePklg g]kfnsf] e"–/fhg}lts l:ylt / ljZj kl/j]zn] jfdkGyL zlQmnfO{ ;sf/fTds cfFvfn] kSs} x]g]{ 5}g . cd]l/sf, ljZjsf] slyt ;'k/kfj/ Pp6f o:tf] b]z xf] hf] sDo"lgi6 zAb jf6} t;{G5 . o;n] sDo"lgi6x¿NffO{ h/} b]lv lgvf{g rfxG5 en} cd]l/sL /fhlgtL1 efif0fdf To;f] geg'g\ . csf]{ lt/ klZrdL o"/f]k tyf hfkfg -klxnf] ljZj_ hf] cfnf]rgf ub}{ jf gu/L cd]/LsL lgltsf] ;dy{g g} u5{g\ . To;}n] klxnf] ljZj h"g sNof0fsf/L /fHosf ;kmn pbfx/0f x'g\, ltlgx? ToxL sNof0fsf/L /fHo Joj:yfnfO{ jfdklGy zlQmn] g]kfndf k|of]u÷nfu" ug{ vf]h] klg x[bo vf]n]/ ;xof]u ug]{ 5}gg\ . klxnf] ljZj g} d'Vo bftf ePsf] kl/k]|Iodf olb jt{{dfg ;/sf/n] sNof0fsf/L /fHosf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ cfTd;ft u/L gofF g]kfn agfpg] k|0f u5{ eg] g]kfnsf] d'xf/ l5§} jblng ;S5 . ctM sNof0fsf/L /fHosf] :yfkgfsf] nflu o'usf] dfu ;Dem]/ ;a}n] pbfx/l0fo Tofu ug}{ k5{ . Tofu lgnDjLt /fhfn] ug'{ k5{, ;/sf/n] ug'{ k5{, tyf g]tf tyf /fhg}tLs kf6L{x¿n] ug'{ k5{ . cltul/a hgtfnfO{ /fli6«o dfkb08sf] hLjglgjf{xsfnflu ;/sf/n] lhDd]jf/L lng'k5{ . sNof0fsf/L /fHodf cltu/Lax¿ x'Fb}gg\ . lhjg:t/ / lhjgofkgdf wgL–u/La © zf;s–zfl;t ju{ 5'l§b}gg\ . o:tf] ;a}n] cfTd ;Ddfg kfpg] ;dfhdf ljb|f]x xF'b}g h'g ;sf/fTds zflGtsf] Pp6f gd'gf x'g]5 .

sNof0fsf/L /fHodf x/]s gfu/Lssf] ljlzi6 klxrfgsf] nflu ;fdflhs ;'/Iff gDa/ lbOPsf] x'G5 -o:tf] ljlzZ6 gDa/sf] lgwf{/0fsf] jf/]df csf]{ n]vdf rrf{ u/f}+nf_ . clg /fHon] pQm gDa/sf] gfu/Ls sxfF a:5 < s] u5{ < cfly{s cj:yf s:tf] 5 < g}ltstf s:tf] 5 < eGg] h:tf s'/fsf] hfgsf/L /fVb5 . o;} hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/df x/]s gfu/Lssf] /fHo k|ltsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf /fHosf] o;sf gful/s k|ltsf] lhDd]jf/L :ki6 x'G5 / ;f]xL cg';f/sf] lhDd]jf/L lgjf{x ug{ ;Dej x'G5 klg . ha /fHo ;+u x/]s gfu/Lssf] ja/]df oy]i6 hfgsf/L x'G5 To;kl5 rl/qdf bfu nfu]sf JolQmnfO{ lghfdlt, k|x/L, ;}lgs tyf ;a}vfn] ;]jf k|j]zdf /f]s nufpg tyf ;]jfdf /x]sf JolQm ePdf eljiodf ;]jf k|j]zdf cof]Uo 7x/fO{ lg:sf;g ug{ ;S5 . o; ;fdfhLs ;'/Iff gDj/n] ;a}sf] ;DklQ / g}ltstf kf/blz{ jgfpg] xF'bf Psftkm{ jf:tljs e"ldlxg tyf clt ul/jx?sf] klxrfg x'G5 / /fHonfO{ To:tf gfu/Ls nfO{ ;sf/fTds lje]b u/L plgx?nfO{ dfgljo hLjg hLpg of]Uo agfpg ;Dej x'G5 eg] csf]{ tkm{ sfg'gL /fHosf] :yfkgf ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 . o:tf] ;';f;g / kf/blz{tfn] klxnf] ljZjn] g]kfnsf] cfly{s pGgltsf nfuL dg vf]n]/ ;xof]u ug]{5g\ . To;}n] xfn ;/sf/df ;fd]n /fhg}lts bn, ;/sf/, tyf sd{rf/L Pj+ Gofokflnsfn] e|i6frf/sf] lj/f]w / sfg"gL /fHo rfxG5g\ eg], dfcf]jfbL ;lxtsf /fhg}lts bn ;a} hgtfsf nfuL n8]sf x'g\ eg], tyf xfnsf cfGbf]ng/t ljleGg bn tyf ;d'xn] hgtfsf] clwsf/, ;DdfgLt lhjg / klxrfgsf] nflu ljleGg k|sf/sf cfGbf]ng u/]sf x'g eg] sNof0fsf/L /fHosf] :yfkgfsf] nflu ;a}n] ;Qfdf]x Tofu]/ nf]stflGqs eO{ cuf8L a9|g' g]kfnsf] jt{dfg cj:yfsf] cfjZostf xf] . o;sf cltl/Qm /fhfnfO{ lt/:s[t /fhf kb eGbf ;Ddflgt Joj;foL eO{ ;'/IfLt x'g' /fd|f] nfU5 eg] c:j:Yo /fhlgtL lt/ gtflgO{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf ljgf x:tIf]k g]kfnL gfu/Ls nfO{ cfkm\gf] eljZo sf]g{df ;xof]u ug'{ pko"Qm x'g]5 .  

Rishikesh Pandey Identity Politics

klxrfgsf]  /fhlgtLdf klxrfgsf] unt AofVof

Clifs]z k08]

pk k|fWofks

-dfgj kof{j/0f tyf ljsf; cWoog_

kf]v/f ljZjljBfno

klxrfg zAb ;+ejtM kl5Nnf] g]kfnL /fhlgtLs j[Qdf ;a}eGbf a9L /l6Psf] t/ ;a}eGbf sd a'lemPsf] zAb xf] . jf:tjdf stf stf klxrfgnfO{ klxrfgsf] /fhlgtL ug]{n] g} oft a'em]sf 5}gg\ cyjf sn';Lt rfxgfn] c?nfO{ -ga'em]sfnfO{_ a'empg rfxL/x]sf 5}gg\ h:tf] nfU5 . t/ o; a/]df s]lx n]lvxfn] klg s;n] 5fkLb]nf < s;n] kl9b]nf < cem s;nfO{ dg knf{ / d]/f] ljrf/ hasL g]kfnL ;dfhdf ;j}sf cf cfkm|g} /+u ldn]sf n]vs / kf7s 5g\ . To;df klg cr]n cfP/ n]v k9\g] jf gk9\g] clg dg k/fpg] of dg gk/fpg] eGg] s'/f n]vssf] hft, wd{, ln+u, If]q, /fhg}lts ljrf/wf/f, cem u'6df e/kg]{ x'gfn] klg lt ofjt If]qdf st}klg cfkm\gf] klxrfg jgfpg g;s]sf] d]/f] ljrf/ k|sfzg ug{ k|sfzg u[xnfO{ v} s] n] pTk|]/Lt unf{ < To:t} kf7snfO{ lsg k9\g dg nfUnf < eGg] s'/f dgdf v]nfpb} dgdf nfu]sf] s'/f cleJoQmLsf] :jtGqtf 5Fb} 5, k|sf;g u[xn] k|sfzg of]Uo gb]v] s] eof] t km];a'sdf xfnLlbPkl5 nfO{s, l8:nfO{s jf z]o/ / sd]G6 cfO{xfNnfg eg]/ eg]/ n]Vb} 5' . tkfO{nfO{ lrQ ga'em] lrQ ga'em]sf] s'/fdf ax; ug]{ / km/s ljrf/ cleJoQm ug]{ tkfO{sf] klg clwsf/ 5Fb}5 . TkfO{ klg cl3 a9\g'; . g]kfnL ;dfhdf :j3f]lift ljåfg cyjf ks]6sf ljZn]ifsnfO{ ax;sf]nflu kof{Kt ;do 5 eGg] s'/f km];a's, l6\j6/, Anu, tyf kqklqsf / cgnfO{g ld8Lofdf 5fpg] ax;jfhx?Jff6 :ki6 x'G5 g} . wGo 5 ;'rgf k|ljlwsf] ljsfznfO{, b'O{ 5fs vfg gk'u] klg, ;f}rfno agfpg g;s] klg, sfddf 5l/tf] ePgelg xfsLdsf] ufnL vfg' k/]klg, dx+uf] df]jfO{n lsGg, dfk;] df e'Ng, clg cy{xLg ax; ug{ ;do, >f]t / ;fwg kof{Kt ePs} 5 . To;}n] of] n]vnfO{ klg olx cy{xLg ax;sf] yk >[+vnfsf] ?kdf lng'xf]nf .

klxrfgsf] lsg / s;sfnflu eGbf st} kf7sx? kIf ljkIfdf kf] jfF8LG5g\ sL eGg] efg ljut b'O{ dlxgfsf] /fhg}lts kl/a]zn] b]vfPs} 5 . csf]{lt/ klxrfgnfO{ lsg olt ;fF3'/f] u/fO{Psf] xf]nf eGg] s'/f Psn} ljZn]if0f ubf{ /fhlgtLdf h;n] cfkm\gf] klxrfgsf] lIflthnfO{ 6f9f ;Dd km}nfpg] Ifdtf /fVb}g p;n] cfFkm'nfO{ ;fF3'/f] 3]/fdfg} l;dLt u5{ eGg] oyfy{ e6\6fP . ljZj /fhlgtL x]bf{ :ki6 xF'bf] /x]5 of] ;Tos'/f xf] eGg] . ;Sg]n] ljZjdf zf;g u/]sf 5g\, g;Sg]n] cl:yTj vf]h]sf 5g\, klxrfg vf]h]sf 5g\ . xfdLsxfF klg klxrfg nfO{ olt ;fF3'/f] ?kdf lnO{bf Tolx c;Ifdtf nfO{ k|df0fLt ug{ xf] sL eGg] ;+sf nfU5 . t/ o;f] eGbf klxrfgjfbLx? d dfyL vlgPnfg klg . t/ g]kfnL /fhlgtLn] o:t} b]vfPsf] 5 .

jf:tjdf xfn ljBdfg s'g}klg /fhg}lts bnx? Jf c? KlxrfgjbLx?n] jf:tjdf klxrfg vf]h] h:tf] nfu]g . klxrfg vfHg]n] ;Qf / zlQm vf]h]sf] / To;} jf6 klxrfg jG5 eg]sf] b]Vbf klxrfgjfbL lj4fgx?sf] lj4tf k|lt s7} eGg dg nfU5 . clg plgx?sf] hgtfnfO{ klxrfg af/] :ki6 s'/f /fv]/ l:ytLnfO{ ;xh agfpg'sf] abnf dRrfpg] / e8|sfpg] v]n b]Vbf stf stf dg b'V5 klg  lsgsL t klxrfgsf] /fhlgtL ug]{x?t sxlnPsf lj4fgx?, ;dfh kl/jt{gsf ;Dafxsx? Kff] 5g t . /fhg}lts bndf t s;}nfO{ klxrfg rfxLP h:tf] nfu]g lsgsL Ps t ltgLx? cfFkm} s'g} klxrfgn] cuf8L a9]sf 5}gg\ . csf{] s'/f cfkm\gf] bn 7'nf] x'Fbf klxrfgsf] ;'lglzrttfsf] lhDd]j/L af]Sg'kg]{ x'gfn] 6'qm6'qmL aGb}5g\ .

klxrfg s] xf] / sxfFjf6 cfp5 eGg]s'/f klxrfgsf] gfddf /fhlgtL ug]{x?sf] kf/fjf6 :ki6 x'G5 ls ltgLx?n] klxrfg s] xf] / s;sf nflu xf] eGg] a'em]sf 5}gg\ . s] klxrfg eGg]s'/f /f]P/, s/fP/, 3'Sof{P/, ysf{P/ cfp5 < s[i0f axfb'/ e§rg, cf]d u'?ª x? t ;dfhzf:qsf slyt ljåfgx?, d]/} u'? d+unl;l4 dfgGw/ e"–/fhlgltsf lj1, b]z / /fli6«otfsf] em08f kmfnL /fhlgtLs kf6L{sf em08f leq a]/LPsf s[i0f ;'Gb/ dNn, s] logLx?nfO{ yfxf5}g klxrfg s] xf] / s;/L k|fKt x'G5 eGg] < dnfO{ nfU5 logLx?nfO{ /fd|};+u yfxf 5 . t/ logLx?sf] sn'l;t dgn] ubf{ yfxf gx'g]x?nfO{ e8\sfO{ /x]sf 5g\ . clg xfdL csf{n] pS;fPsf] e/df, dRrfPsf] e/df ;f]rljrf/} gu/L hf]lvd df]Ng] jflgk/]sf / ToxL jflgsf sf/0f uf]vf{nL axfb'/ eg]/ lbO{Psf] ku/Ldf uj{ ug]{ / yk pS;fx6df nfUg]nfO{ klxrfg s] xf] / sxfFjf6 cfp5 eGg]s'/f hfgL /fVg' k/]sf] klg 5}g .

klxrfg jf:tjdf Ps kf6f]dfq ePsf] l;Ssf xf]O{g . t/ o;nfO{ xfdL dfem Pskf6] ?kdf k|:t't u/]/ Pskf6] ;lSsf h:t} sfd gnfUg] agfOPsf] 5 . h;/L clwsf/ st{Jo ;Fu hf]8LP/ cfpF5, To;}u/L klxrfg l:jsfo{tf ;Fu 5'l§P/ /xg ;St}g . o;sf] cy{, klxrfg rfxg]n] Ps t cfFkm'nfO{ l:jsf/ of]Uo agfpg' k5{ csf]{ csf{sf] klxrfgnfO{ l:jsf/ ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . l:jsfo{tf ljifout tYo xf] en} klxrfg a:t'ut / ljifout b'a} x'g ;S5 . klxrfg / l:jsfo{tf JolQm tyf ;dfhx? jLrsf] nfdf] ;dosf] ;x;DaGw, cGt/s[of, ;xsfo{ / cfbfg k|bfg jf6 cfpF5 . ;dfh / dflg;sf] Joaxf/nfO{ cfsf/ lbg]sfo{ kmnfdnfO{ ttfP/ lk6] h:tf] xf]O{g . To;}n] s;}n] dnfO{ l:jsf/ u/ eGb}df s;}n] l:jsf/ ub}{g . j? cfFkm' s:tf] eP c?sf]nflu l:jsfo{ xf]nf eGg] s'/f klxrfg vf]Hg] n] a'em\g' kg]{ s'/f xf] . g]kfnL ;dfhdf lj:tf/} l:jsfo{tf ;lxtsf] klxrfgn] :yfg agfO{ /x]sf] cj:yfdf l:jsfo{tf /lxtsf] klxrfgsf] /6fgn] ePsf] klxrfg / l:jsfo{tf ;d]t u'Dg] lbzflt/ pb\wt 5 .

g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf klxrfgnfO{ j:t'ut ?kdf k|j]z u/fO{Psf] 5 . gfd sf] /fhlgtL ul/Psf] 5 . xfd|f] klxrfgsf] cfGbf]ng t Pp6f zflns eTsfP/ csf]{ 78\ofpg], ljutdf g/fd|f] jf cJojxf/Ls eg]/ 5f8LPsf s'/fnfO{ k'gM kR5\ofpg] lglh{j klxrfg lt/ pb\wt 5 . cem eGbf xfd|f] klxrfgsf] cfGbf]ng t k|ltzf]wsf cfGbf]ng h:tf] 5 . xf] gful/sn] gful/stf kfpg' k5{ t/ gful/stf k"0f{ klxrfg xf]O{g . klxrfg t Tof] xf] h'g gful/stf lbO{PsfnfO{ /fHon] gful/ssf] ?kdf l:jsf/ u/f]; . ef]s n] d/]sf, jf9Ldf au]sf, a]/fhuf/Ldf lklN;Psf, /f]un] 56\k6fO{ /x]sf hgtfnfO{ /fHon] u/]sf] lt/:sf/ jf6 :ki6 x'G5 /fHon] xfdLnfO{ gfu/Lstf t lbPsf] 5 t/ gful/s l:jsf/ u/]sf] 5}g lsgeg] gful/s gful/s dfq x'G5 p;sf] 7"nf] ;fgf] bhf{ x'Fb}g . xfdL t /fHon] l:jsf/ gu/L lbO{Psf sfuhnfO{ klxrfg eGb} ;fF3'/f] 3]/f leqsf] klxrfgnfO{ 7"n} ;+em]/ ;dfhdf klg To:t} gfdsf] klxrfg vf]Hb} 5f}+ . /fd|f] ædÆ To;}n] d oxfF, clg g/fd|f] ætFÆ To;}n] tF ToxfF eGg] vfnsf] klxrfgnfO{ k|fydLstfsf;fy axzdf NofO{Psf] 5 . t]/f afp afh] n] xfd|f afp jfh] nfO{ zf]if0fu/]sf lyP/] cj ls t}n] ;a} lt/ ls cj zf]if0f ug]{ kfnf] xfd|f] eGg] vfnsf]   cy{xLg axz rnfP/ klxrfgnfO{ ;fF3'/f] kl/Psf] b]Vbf nfU5 klxrfg s] xf] / s;sfnflu xf] eGg]s'/f :ki6 ePsf] 5}g\ . t/ xfd|f ;dfhzfl:q egfpbfx?n] a'em]/ klg a'emkrfO{/x]sf 5g\ . ;dfhdf ;xLs'/f /fVg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ .

s]lx lbg cuf8L k"lj{ kxf8L lhNnfdf ufO{ sf6]/ df;' vfPsf] elg s]lx JolQmx? kqmfp k/]sf] ;dfrf/ cfof] . lj1fgn] k|dfl0ft u/]sf] tYo xf] ls ufO{sf] b'w cfdfsf] b'w ;dfgsf] x'G5 . To;}n] klg ufO{sf] df;' vfg' g}lts ?kd} /fd|f] x'g ;St}g . t/ lxGb'x? lj?4sf] sfo{ u/L cfkm\gf] klxrfg lbg vf]lhg] o:tf s[ofsnfkn] s;/L l:jsfo{tf ;lxtsf] klxrfg lbg ;S5g\ < x'gt ljZjdf lxGb' jfx]ssf ;a}h;f] wdf{nlDax?n] lakm vfg] u5{g . t/ lt lakmx? ;fdfGotof b'w vfg] ufO{ jf6 jgfO{Psf x'+b}gg\ . df;'sf]nflu kflng] ufO{x? b'wsf] nflu kflng] eGbf km/s k|hfltsf x'G5g / b'w lbg 5f8]sf ufO{ k|fo s's'/, s'v'/f, j+u'/ tyf cGo df;' vfg] hgfj/sf] bfgf jgfpg, dn jgfpg k|of]u ul/G5 s]lx ckjfb jfx]s . t/ wd{ lg/k]If g]kfndf lxGb'x?sf] cf:yf / cfTd;Ddfg lj?4 ul/g] o:tf k|xf/ / Jojxf/n] s] b]vfp5 < klxrfgsf] ;Gbe{df sxfFg]/ k5{ lxGb'x?sf] klxrfg < xf] To;}n] a'em\g'kg]{ s'/f xf] sL klxrfg pQ]hgf xf]O{g . of] t cflTdotf xf] . cflTdotf b]vfpg] ;a} l:jsfo{ x'G5g\ h'g dfgljo :jefj xf] . t/ xfdLsxfF cflTdotfsf] ax; x}g pQ]hgfsf] ax; rn]sf] 5 h'g klxrfgsf] gfddf ul/Psf] 3[l0ft /fhlgtL eGbf c? xf]O{g .

klxrfgsf] s'/fubf{ ;a}lt/jf6 afx'g / afx'gjfb dfyL /fd|} cfqmd0f ePsf] 5 . cfFªsflhsf] t s'/f 5f]8f}+ t/ s[i0f axfb'/ e§6rg, cf]d u'?ªx? t ;dfhzf:qsf slyt ljåfgx? x'g t . ltgLx?nfO{ yfxf5}g afx'gjfb s] xf] / s;/L cfof] eGg] < s] jfx'gjfb jfx'gn] nfb]sf] xf] ls plgx?sf k'vf{n] jfx'gsf] k/Dk/fnfO{ /fd|f] dfg]/ cfkm\gf]df leq\ofPsf x'g < s] s[i0f axfb'/ e§rgn] lj;]{ pgsf lxdfnkf/L j:g] k'vf{n] jfx'gsf] ;Dks{df cfP/ ufO{sf] df;'vfg] k/Dk/f plrt gnfu]/ 5f8]sf] < s] kb\d/Tgx?nfO{ yfxf5}g sf7df08f} jf6 jflx/LPsf g]jf/x?n] d[To' ;:sf/df df;' / /S;Lsf] k|of]u x'g' c;fGble{s b]v]/ Tof] k/Dk/f Tofu]sf] < ;+:s[lt eg]sf] df6f]sf pkh xf] . Tof] ;do, 7fFp, kl/l:ytL / cfjZoStf cg'?k jblnG5 . t/ klxrfgsf] gfddf Tolx ljut tkm{ hfg] O{R5f xf] klxrfgjfbLx?sf] < k|flrg ;+:s[tLsf] ljsf; jftfj/0fLo lgwf{/0f lyof] h'g cfh ;fGble{s 5}g . cfhsf] ;+:s[lt dflg; / jftfj/0fsf] ;x;+jGw, tyf ;fdfhLs, cfly{s, /fhg}lts ;+:yf clg ljZj kl/j]zn] lgdf{0f ug]{ xf] . To;}n] klxrfgsf] gfddf klxn] g/fd|f] dfg]/ 5f8]sf s'/fs} kl5 nfUg' k5{ eGg] ljrf/ k|ultlzn kSs} xf]O{g . klxrfg t agfpg] xf] . k"vf{ jf6 kmf]6f]slk ug]{ xf]O{g . To;}n] klxrfgjfbLx? k"vf{ jf6 kmf]6f]slk ;+:s[tLsf] kl/jt{gnfO{ nfO{ klxrfg dfyLsf] cfqmd0f / jfx'gnfO{ kl/jt{gsf] ;+jfxs b]V5g eg] Tof] ltgLx?sf] lj4jt\ bl/b|tf eGbf c? xf]Og . jfx'g h;n] kl/jt{gnfO{ cem} ;xh ?kdf l:jsf/ ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g, PSsfO{;f} ;tflAbdf p;nfO{ dgv';L vfg, lkpg, rfx]sf] lhjg lhpg, lhjg;fyL /f]Hg ;a} s'/fdf ;a}lt/jf6 jGb]h ul/Psf] 5, ;a}eGbf k/Dk/fut ;f]rfO{jf6 u|:t 5, p;}nfO{ c?sf] ;+:s[tL ablnlbPsf] / cfkm\gf] jfb nflbPsf] cf/f]k nufp5g slyt ;dfhzfl:qx? . s:tf] lj8Djgf < To;}n] jfx'gjfb xf]O{g bf]zL . ;]tf] 5fnf b]Vgf;fy lj4fg dfGb} g]kfnsf] ;f+:s[lts kl/jt{gsf a/]df lab]zLn] n]v]sf u|Gysf] cf]l/oG6n 1fgdfq} 1fgxf] eGg] ;fDd|fHojfbL ;f]r jf6 aflx/ cfpg] k|oTg u/ . olb kl/jt{gnfO{ bf]lz dfG5f} eg] cfw'lgstfjfb, ;fdfhLs ultlzntf, dflg;sf] j;fO{;/fO{ / /fli6«o cGt/fli6«o ;+rf/ hutxf] bf];L . ;dfhdf lbg k|lt lbg hl6n jlg/x]sf] cGt/;+jGw xf] bf];L .  

ctM xfnsf] pQ]hgf?lk klxrfg s;}n] a'em]/ NofPsf] rfxgf xf] h:tf] nfUb}g . bnx? ;d]t o:t} ;f]R5g\ h:tf] nfU5 . t/ bnx?n] ljutdf cfFkm'n] u/]sf ulNtsf] sf/0fn] hgtfnfO{ ;lxs'/f a'emfpg] k|of; ;d]t ug{ lxrsLrfO{ /x]sf 5g\ . ha klxrfgnfO{ unt JofVof u/]/ /fhlgtL ul/G5 Tof] cy{xLg ax; s;}sf] lxtdf x'g ;St}g . ca ;a}sf] l:jsfo{tf ;lxtsf] klxrfgsf] ;'lglZrttfsf]nflu lj4fg dxf]box? Tyf bnx? h;n] ;:tf] nf]slk|otfsfnflu klxrfgsf] ckJofVof u/], hgtf ;Fu IfdfdfUb} xfn ;Dd ljsf; ePsf] l:jsfo{tf / klxrfgnfO{ alnof] kfb}{ klxrfgsf] ;+:s[tLsf] ljsf; ul/Pg eg] ePsf] klxrfg ;d]t u'Dg] lglZrt 5 .

Rishikesh Pandey Meaningless Discourse of Federalism

;+l3otf M g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf cy{xLg ax; .

Clifs]z k08]

pk k|fWofks

-dfgj kof{j/0f tyf ljsf; cWoog_

kf]v/f ljZjljBfno

dfkm ug'{; kf7s ju{, tkfO{nfO{ lrQ ga'em] . t/ jf:tljstf olx xf] sL ;+l3otf g]kfnL /fhlgtLsf] cy{xLg ax; xf] . ;+l3otfnfO{ cy{xLg ax; eGg] lzif{s b]Vgf;fy Ps y/L kf7sx? ub\ub\ x'g] clg csf]{ y/L l/;n] d'd'{/Lg] cj:yf b]zdf 5 . cem  ljut b'O{ bzsb]vL xfdL o;/L afF8LPsf 5f}+ sL xfd|f n]vs, kf7s, >f]tf, ljZn]ifs, ;dy{s, / lj/f]wL cf–cfkm\g} lsQfdf 5'l6Psf 5g\ . cfkm\gf] kIfsf :j3f]lift ljåfgsf] ;a} s'/f /fd|f] / km/s ljrf/ /fVg]sf] ;a} g/fd|f] dGg xfdL dflx/ 5f} . To;}n] afx'gsf]  sf]vdf hGd]sf], s'g} g]tf tyf bnsf] xg'dfg gePsf], hfthftL, wd{, If]q eGbf dfyL p7\g' k5{, cem eGg'kbf{ dfgatfsf] nflu /fli6«otf eGbf dfyL p7\g ;Sg' k5{ eGg] s'/f asfnt ug]{ x'gfn] d]/f ks]6sf >f]tf / ;dy{s 5g h:tf] gnfu]sf] / jfx'gn] jf]n] hghftL / blntsf] lxtdf af]Nb}g, kxf8Lofn] jf]n] dw]zLsf] lxtdf af]Nb}g, lxGb'n] af]n] c? wdf{nlDasf] lxtdf af]Nb}g eGg] lzIff lbO{Psf] xfd|f]  ;dfhdf, clg ;+rf/ tyf k|sfzg u[xsf cfkm\g} /Ë / em08f ldn]sf :j3f]lift jl/i7 n]vs, :tesf/ / ljZn]ifs ePsf] d'n'sdf d]/f] ljrf/n] s'g} t's g/fVg] x'gfn] o:tf] n]v k|sfzg ubf{ k|sfzsnfO{ ;d]t nfG5gf cfpg;Sg] bl]v k|sfzssf tkm{jf6 klg dfkmL rfxG5' .

g]kfnL zAbsf]ifn] cy{xLg zAbnfO{ s;/L kl/efifLt u5{ To;df d cgle1 5' . t/ d]/f] a'emfO{df cy{xLg eg]sf] cy{ glbn] ge} lgrf]8df gk'uLg]  cj:yf xf] . xf], g]kfnsf /fhg}lts bnsf] h'6fO{, km'6fO{, 3'Sof{O{, w|'ljs/0f, u'6jGbL, alx:sf/, l:jsf/, lt/:sf/, clg u}x|lhDd]jf/Lkg ;a}sf] :ki6 ;Gb]z eg]sf] ;+l3otf s'g} klg /fhg}lts bnsf] leqL rfxgf xf]Og To;}n] of] s]an cy{xLg ax; dfq xf] .

;+l3otf cy{xLg ax; lsg xf] eg] of] ax;df g]kfnL hgtf ;xefuL ePsf] b]lvb}g . cfZro{ gdfGg';\ . tkfO{nfO{ nfUnf hgtf lsg ;xefuL 5}gg\ eGg] . t/ d}n] of] ax;df g]kfnL hgtf b]lvg . Jf:tljs s'/f g]kfndf gt gful/s ;dfh 5, gt dtbftf 5g\ . hgtf st} 5g\ eg] ;';'Kt 5g\, cfkm|gf] alga'tf] u/]sf 5g\, ltgnfO{ ;+l3otfsf] pQ]hgfn] 5f]Psf] 5}g, hgtfsf] lhjLsf]kfh{gsf] ;'lgZrttf geP;Dd ltgnfO{ /fhg}lts bn tyf ltgsf sfo{stf{n] dRrfpb}df / e8\sfpb}df dlRrO{ xfNg] / e8\lsO{xfNg] km';{b klg 5}g\ . t/ s]jn /fhg}lts bnsf sfo{stf{ hf] ;a} zf;s aGg] bfpdf 5g, ltlgx?g} slxn] hgtf t slxn] gful/s ;dfh / slxn] ahf/ ;d]t ePsf] clego u5{g\ . oL ax'?kL snfsf/x?n] cfFkm' /fHo eP/ klg /fHo ePsf] e]p gkfpFbf x]b}{ / ;'Gb} nfh nfUg] kf/fn] aGb, x8\tfn u5{g . cF+km} dfu t]:of{p5g\, cfFkm} jftf{ u5{g / cfFkm} dfu k"/f ePsf] gf6s u5{g\ . t/ a:tjdf ltgn] gt s]lx kfPsf 5g\ gt dfUg 5f8]sf 5g\ . ltgx?nfO{ yfxf 5 ls ltgLx?n] s]xL kfpg] klg 5}gg\ lsgsL kfpgsf] nflu jgfO{Psf] /fHosf] esf/L ltlgx?s} n'5fr'+8Ln] l/lQPsf] 5 / esf/L eg{ bfFt jf6 kl;gf lg:sg] u/L sfd ug]{ cfF6 ltlgx?sf] 5}g . clg t dfu / k"lt{ jLr Ps k|sf/sf] cd"t{ cj:yfsf] >[hgf ePsf] 5, cfFkm}n] dfUg klg g5f]8\g], lbg klg g;Sg], p2]Zolxg, cfjZoStflxg, k|of]ulxg dfu / cGof]n g} cGof]n leq d8f/LPsf], gt 5]p ePsf] gt 6'Kkf] e]6Lg] k"lt{ . Log} k|ultsf] jfws h/fnfO{ dnhn u/L/xg], j}slNks ;f]rfO{df ljsf]{ nufPsfx?sf] em'08jf6 ;+l3otfsf] cfzf ug'{ s]jn cfsf;sf] kmn cfFvf t/L d/ eGbf km/s x'g ;Snf / <

g]kfndf ;+l3otf lsg eGg] k|Zgdf ;fob} s'g} /fhg}lts bn :ki6 xf]nfg\ . dfcf]jfbLnfO{ z;:q åGådf of]4fx? egf{ ug{, sfFu]|; / Pdfn]nfO{ ;+l3otf dfcf]jfbLsf] jGb's] zlQmnfO{ lg:t]h kfg{, dw]zL / hghftLnfO{ ;+l3otf >f]t ;fwgdfly clwkTo hdfpg cem vfF6L zAbdf eGbf >f]t ;fwgdfly xfnLd'xfnL ug{ -plgx?s} zAbdf @$) aif{sf] ef]sf] k]6 eg]{ u/L vfg lsgsL g]kfndf hlt nfdf] ;do ef]sf] a;] ltgn] Tolt 5f]6f] ;dod} nfdf] ;do vfg]n] eGbf w]/} vfPsf 5g\_ ;+l3otf rlxPsf] 5 . o;}u/L bnx?sf s]lGb|o :t/sf g]tfnfO{ cfkm\gf lhNnf tyf c~rn :t/sf k|lt:yfkg k':tfsf g]tfnfO{ nf]lnkk lbO{ e'nfP/ s]Gb|df cfkm\gf] :yfg ;'/lIft ug{, clg lhNnf tyf c~rn :t/sf g]tfnfO{ s]Gb|df k'Ug] cfkm\gf] x}l;ot gePsf] k'li6 ug{ ;+l3otf rflxPsf] 5 . ljut @) aif{sf] 7"nf egfpbf /fhg}lts bnsf] g]t[TjnfO{ ljZn]if0f u/f}+ t slt g]tf km]/LP < jf:tjdf sf]lx km]l/Psf] 5}g . 7"nf] kb rfxg]x? km'6]sf 5g\ t/ dfp kl6L{nfO{ gofF g]t[Tj lbg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . r'gfj lht] klg ltg}, xf/] klg ltg}, ltgLx?g} lglj{sNk g]tf, lsgsL ltgLx? cGoq ljSb}gg\, kl;gfsf] sdfO{ vfg] Ifdtf /fVb}gg\ ltlgx? Clg /fhg}lts bn eg]sf] ltlgx?sf] k'Vof}{ln ;DklQ, /fHo eg]sf] ltlgx?sf] Psdfq 5f]/L ePsf] ;z'/fnL . clg o:t} /fhg}lts bnx? jf6 ;+l3otf sf] cfzf s;n] u/]sf] 5 < ;+l3otf t ltg} bnsf xg'dfgx?sf] dfuL vfg] efF8f] dfq xf] . ;'zf;g / ljs]lGb|s/0fsf] ;jf]{Qd\ k4lt xf] ;+l3otf . Of] ;'zf;g / ljs]lGb|s/0fnfO{ gt JolQmdf gt bndf nfu' ug]{ bnx?sf g]tfn] e'Sb}df cfpFb}g . To;}n] ;+l3otf g]kfnL /fhlgtLsf cy{xLg ax; xf] .

jf:tjdf xfn ljBdfg s'g}klg bnx?n] ;+l3otf rfx+b}gg\ . t/ ltlgx?n] cfh} To;f] eGg] zfx; klg /fVb}gg\ . ca eg] ;+l3otf rflxb}g eGgsf]nflu jftfj/0f ;xh jGb} uPsf] b]lvG5 . sfFu|]; / Pdfn]nfO{ ;+l3otf slxNo} rflxPsf] lyPg . g t ltlgx?nfO{ ;+ljwfg;efg} rflxPsf] lyof] . dfcf]jfbLsf] ;+l3otf / ;+ljwfg;efsf] Ph]08f g;dfP sfFu|]; / Pdfn]sf] @)$& b]lv @)^# ;Ddsf] 3[l0ft /fhlgtLsf] sf/0f bnsf] cl:yTjg} ;+s6df kg]{ b]lv jfWotfj; ;+l3otf / ;+ljwfg;efsf] Ph]08f lnP/ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf hfg'k/]sf] oyfy{s'/f dfs'g]x?n] ;+ljwfg;ef 3fF8f] x'G5 eg]/ klxNo} eg]sf] / k|lbk g]kfnx?n] ;+l3otfg} rflx+b}g eg]sf] s'/f ld8Lofdf cfO{;s]jf6 :ki6 x'G5 . o;} ;Gbe{df hgtfn] sfFu|]; / Pdfn]sf] @)$& b]lv @)^# ;Ddsf] 3[l0ft /fhgLtLsf] lj?4df dfcf]jfbLnfO{ 5fg] . t/ dfcf]jfbLn] cfFkm}n] ;f]r]eGbf 7"nf] bnsf] x}l;ot kfpFbf o;nfO{ 7"nf] e|d eof] ls hgtf ;a} dfcf]jbL eP ca dfcf]jfbLn] h] u/]klg x'G5 . t/ hj cfFkm} 3/jf/] eof] tj dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;d:of eof] ls cfFkm}n] grfx]sf] lhDd]jf/L cfO{nfUof] h'g nfdf] ;do ;/sf/df /xg' plrt xf]O{g eGg] lgisif{sf ;fy ljt08fx? ;'? eP . clg pQ/ cfw'lgs rf+8SolgtL :j?k ;Qfjf6 jflx/Lg] pkfosf] vf]hL eof] . To;}n] bf]>f] hgcfGbf]ng kl5 ltgj6f ;'/Iff lgsfosf k|d'vx? sf/jfxLdf kbf{ ;d]t ;'/lIft /flvPsf s6'jfnnfO{ rnfP/ ;Qfjf6 jflx/Lg] h'lQm km'/\of] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ . clg ;Qfjf6 jfxLl/Pkl5 z;:q o'4 / lgjf{rgsf] ;dodf u/]sf afrfx? k'/fug{ gkg]{ eof] . o;sf ;fy} z;:q o'4sf] ;dodf kf6L{df x'lnPsf clwsf+z cg}lts wGbfjfnnfO{ ;'wfg{ klg ;Dej lyPg clg nfdf] ;do 7"nf] bnsf] x}l;otdf /xg' klg plrt gx'g] b]lv ;xdltd} klxn] dft[sfx? clg clxn] j}Bx? 5'l§P . ca kf6L{ ;fgf] ePkl5 ;+l3otf ;'lglZrt ug'{ kg]{ lhDd]jf/L jf6 klg 5'6\sf/f ldNof] . To:t} ;+l3otfsf] ;jfndf dw]zL bnsf] emg} a'lem g;Sg' s'// 5g\ . ltgLx?nfO{ slxNo} s0ff{nL b'v]sf] 5}g, gt b'v]sf] 5 d':tfª, dgfª jf tfKn]h'ª . ltgLx?nfO{ 5f]Pg slxNo} dWoklZrd kxf8sf] ef]sd/L]n], r]kfªsf] ul/jLn], kxf8df ef]sn] d/]sf nf;x?n] cyjf ;]lt glbsf] a]df};dL jf9Ln] . ltgLx?sf] s]jn cGg e08f/dfyL clwkTo hdfpg] rfxgfn] k|]/Lt, g]kfn g/x] klg dw]z rflxPsf] :j/ / dw]zd} dw]zL blnt / dw]zL hghftLsf] cl:yTj dfyL p7\g g;Sg] u/L zf;g ug{ ;lsg] dw]z rflxPsf] h:tf] gf/fsf] sf/0fn] ltlgx?nfO{ klg ;+l3otf cfjZos gePsf] :ki6 x'G5 . t/ ltgLx? ;d]t ;+l3otf cfjZos 5}g eGg ;Sg] cj:yfdf gePsf]n] hlt ;Sbf] w]/} 6'qmf x'g]u/L kf6L{ kmf]/f}+ elg /x]sf] 5g\ . clg ;a} 6'qm] 6fqm] /fhlgtL ug]{x?jf6 ;+l3otf ;+ej 5}g . To;}n] ;+l3otf cy{xLg jxzdf l;dLt ePsf] 5 .

Rishikesh Pandey Nepalese Emotions

g]kfnu~h b]vL uf}/ x'Fb} slknj:t' 36gfM g]kfnL ;+j]u dfyL] v]njf8

—ClÈs]z kf08]

                Email: itsmehimalaya@gmail.com

ut jif{ k'if !) ut] ;b\efjgf kfl6{ -cfgGbL b]jL_ n] cfJxfg u/]sf] dw]z aGb ;Fu–;Fu} ;lNsPsf] dw]zsf] cfuf] cem} lge]sf] 5}g . ljut ( dlxgf -g]kfnu~h b]vL uf}/ / sf7df08f} x'Fb} slknj:t' cfO{k'Ubf_ sf 36gfnfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{ :jefjsf] lx;fan] g]kfnL klxrfgnfO{ cYof{pg jf kl/eflift ug{ ufx|f] b]vLG5 . lsgls of] cjlw leq g]kfndf ;fDk|bfoLs ;b\efj vnaNofpg] tyf o;nfO{ dha't kfg]{ b'a} k|sf/sf k|ofKt k|of; ePsf 5g\ . k~rfotL /fli6«otfn] l;sfPsf] g]kfnL :jefj æx6\g] xf]Og 86L n8\g] g]kfnLsf] afgL x'G5, slxn] gem"Sg] lz/ plePsf] :jfledfgL g]kfnL x'G5Æ nfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{ g]kfnL cfqmfds / o'4 k|]dL x'G5g eGg] ;Gb]z lbg vf]h]sf] b]vLG5 . jf:tjdf k~rfotL /fli6«otfn] g]kfnLnfO{ ha/h:tL o'4 k|]dL jf cfqmfds agfPsf] lyof] . g]kfnLnfO{ hlxn] hf] ;+u klg n8L xfNg] ju{, cfkm"n] hlt g} uNtL u/] klg jf h:tf] ck/fw u/] klg lz/ lgx'/fpg' gkg]{ Pp6f h/h/ :jefjsf] klxrfg k~rfotn] lbPsf] lyof] .

o;} ;Gbe{df g]kfnL ;z:q åGåsf] dWo ;do lt/ ;z:q åGåsf] ljZn]if0f ub}{ Ps hgf cg';Gwftfn] g]kfnLsf] lx+;f k|]d tyf o'4k|]d jf egf}+ cfqmfds :jefjnfO{ o'4sf] sf/0f elg ljb]zdf k|:t't u/]sf lyP . lhTg]x?n] n]v]sf] g]kfnL Oltxf;df klg g]kfnLsf] klxrfgnfO{ v's'/L / o'4 ;+u hf]8]/ k|:t't ug]{ u/LG5 . xhf/f}+ jf6 5flgPsf] xfnsf] /fli6«ot ufgn] klg æjL/Æ tyf æ/utÆ zAb nfO{ ToUg ;s]g . cem hgcfGbf]ng @ sf] ;kmntf kZrft cem egf} g]kfnu~h b]vL uf}/ x'Fb} slknj:t' ;Dd cfO{k'Ubf g]kfnLn] b]vfPsf] Jojxf/ jf egf} g]knL e"lddf 36]sf 36gfx? s]nfpFbf o'4 k|]d g} g]kfnL klxrfg xf ls eGg] efg kg'{ cgf}7f] klg xf]Og . o;f]eP s] xfdL g]kfnL ;flRr o'4 k|]dL xf}+ t< eGg] af/]df ;f]Rg' kg]{ jf jf:tljs g]kfnL klxrfg s] xf] eGg] jf/]df ljrf/ ug'{ kg]{ b]lvG5 .

d}n] a'em]sf] g]kfnL klxrfg o'4k|]dL jf cfqmfds :jefjsf g]kfnL eGg] xf]O{g . olb g]kfnL jf:tjd} o'4 k|]dL ePsf eP !) jif]{ ;z:q åGåsf] ;dodf g]kfndf !$ xhf/ xf]Og !$ nfv dflg; dg{ ;Sg] lyP . g]kfnu~h b]vL uf}/ x'Fb} slknj:t' ;Dd k'Ubf yk nfvf}+ hgtfn] Hofg u'dfpg] lyP . jf:tjdf g]kfn o'uf} b]vL] ;+/rgfTds åGå / Ps bzs eGbf nfdf] ;do b]vL z;:q åGåsf] e'd/Ldf ?dNnLP klg ljZjsf cGo åGåu|:t b]zdf ePsf laWj+z / dfgljo IfltnfO{ x]g]{xf] eg] g]kfnL hgtf jf:tjd} o'4k|]dL jf cfqmfds :jefjsf ge} ;+odLt, w}o{jfg / zflGtk|]dL x'g eGg] :ki6 x'G5 . km]/L olb g]kfnL ;+odLt, w}o{jfg / zflGt k|]dL x'g eGg lsg g]kfndf g]kfnu~h, uf}/, / slknj:t' h:tf 36gf 36\5g < of] Pp6f hl6n ;jfn xf] .

lnlvt Oltxf; / k~rfotn] o'4 k|]dL / cfqmfds jgfPsf] eP klg lj ;+= @)$^ sf] k|hftflGqs kl/jt{g / ljut !) jif{ b]lvsf] cfGtl/s o'4 / /fhg}lts pyn–k'yn n] g]kfnL klxrfg jbn]sf] 5 . cr]n g]kfnLdf efjgfTds ;+j]u a9]sf] 5 h;n] g]kfndf ;do ;dodf cgk]lR5t ljt08f dRrLg] u/]sf 5g eg] g]kfnL efjgfdf cf3ft k'/\ofP/ g]kfndf ljt08f dRrfpg rfxg]x?sf] klxrfg u/L To:tf] JolQm jf ;d'xnfO{ ;hfo x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . lj=;+= @)%& kf}if !! df ef/lto cleg]tf Clts /f]zgn] g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] af/]df gsf/fTds l6Kk0fL u/] …/]Ú eGg] xNnfsf] e/df g]kfnsf w]/} 7fpFdf cfuf] nfUof] / % hgf g]kfnLn] cgfxsdf Hofg u'dfpg' k/\of] . ef/tLo d'nsf Jofkf/L, ko{6s tyf ef/tLosf] cf/f]kdf t/fO{jf;L g]kfnL dfyL cfqmd0fx? ;d]t eP . o; 36gfnfO{ sltkon] o'4 / lx+;f k|]dL g]kfnL klxrfg eGb} xNnf lk6fP . t/ jf:tjdf Tof] 36gf o'4 k|]d jf lx+;f k|]d lyPg . Tof] t g]kfnL cl:dtf k|ltsf] ;+j]u lyof] . en} pQm ;dodf Clts /f]zgn] s]lx eg]sf lyPgg\ eGg] s'/f :ki6 eof] t/ ef/tsf] cuf8L ;w}+ lg/Lx g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfn] dfgljo ;+j]ufTds :jefj b]vfP . To:tf ;+j]bglzn ljifodf unt ;'rgf k|jfx u/L g]kfnL ;+j]unfO{ e8\sfP/ g]kfndf ljt08f dRrfpg rfxg]x? To; ;do s]xL xb ;Dd ;kmn eP . g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ e8\sfP/ g]kfndf /x]sf] ;fDk|bfoLs ;b\efjnfO{ vnaNofpg rfxg]sf] To; ;dodf vf]hL jf:tjd} ePg .

Clts /f]zg sf08 kl5 ebf} !^, @)^! df g]kfndf csf]{ sf08 36\of] h"ga]nf !@ hgf lgbf]{if g]kfnLn] O/fsdf Hofg u'dfpg' k/]sf] lyof] . g]kfnLsf] dg /f]Psf] a]nf j]bgfsf] ;+j]unfO{ s;}n] e8\sfOlbof] . kmn:j?k O/fs cfkm} o'4df ?dnLPsf] b]z leqsf] s'g} cft+ssf/L ;d'xaf6 36fO{Psf] To:tf] cdfgljo 36gfsf] bf]if g]kfnL d':nLd ;d'bfon] v]Kg' k¥of] . jf:tjdf To; 36gfdf wd{ jf b]z s'g} klg axfgfaf6 g]kfnLnfO{ dfl/Psf] lyPg . g]kfnn] cd]/Lsf jf a]nfotn] h:tf] O/fsdf o'4 ug{ ;]gf k7fPsf] lyPg . g t ToxfF dfl/g]x? lxGb' dfq lyP . t/ ;+j]bglzntfnfO{ unt ?kdf k|of]u ug]{ ;d'xn] g]kfndf lxGb'–d'l:nd aLrsf] ;fDk|bfoLs ;b\efjnfO{ vnaNofpg] k|oTg u/L g]kfnL ;+rf/ hut, tyf a}b]zLs /f]huf/ Joj;fox? Tyf cGo Jofkf/Ls k|lti7fgx?nfO{ tx;–gx; kg]{ sf]lz; u/Lof] / c/af}+ ?lkFof a/fa/sf] cfly{s Iflt u/fO{of] .

z;:q åGåsf] ;dodf o'4/t kIfx?jf6 cdfgljo o'4 ul/P klg, dfgj clwsf/sf] xgg / HobtL r/d ?kdf u/LPsf] eP klg, dfgljo sfg'gsf] cjx]ngf u/L dlg;sf] jfFRg kfpg] clwsf/ vf]l;P klg s'g} 36gfn], wd{, hft, jf If]qsf] ?k lnPgg . j? g]kfnLn] k|ltzf]wsf] efjgf g/fvL g]kfndf zflGt :yfkgfsf]nflu k|of; hf/L /fv] . t/ g]kfnL leq /x]sf] ;b\efj / cdgr}g k|lt O{:of{ / 8fx ug]{x?n] ljleGg axfgfdf g]kfndf lx+;fTds Pj+ Wj+;fTds 36gf 36fpg] e/k'/ k|of; ul//x]sf 5g . hgcfGbf]ng–@ ;kmn kfg{ g]kfnL hgtfn] b]vfPsf] Pstf / zfx;sf] lj?4 g]kfnL] Pstf / ;b\efjsf zq'x? ;lqmotfsf ;fy nflu g]kfnu~h 36gf / To;kl5 lg/Gt/ c? 36gfx? 36fpg ;kmn ePsf 5g . jf:tjdf g]kfnu~h 36gf xNn}xNnf / unt ;'rgf k|jfxaf6 a9\b} uPsf] lyof] . k|bz{gsf/L / pRr dfWofdLs ljBfnosf ljBfyL{ aLr ePsf] ;fdfGo ljjfbnfO{ k|of]u u/]/ ;fdfhLs ;b\efj layf]Ng rfxg]x? xb} ;Dd ;kmn eP . kf}if !) ut]sf] ;fdfGo ljjfbn] kxf8L d'n / dw]zL d'nsf g]kfnL aLrsf] ;fDk|bfoLstfsf] /+udf kf]tLb} wfld{s /+u cg'z/0f u¥of] / lxGb'–d'l:nd aLrsf] ;fDk|bfoLstfdf k'Uof] . jf:tjdf clt/GhLt / skf]nsNkLt ;+j]ufTds 36gf km}nfO{ 5f]6f] ;dodf ;Dk"{0f t/fO{nfO{ e8\sfpg ;kmn ePsf] Tof] zlQm ljleGg df}sf 5f]Kb} g]kfnL ;b\efj vnaNofpg nflu/x]sf] 5 .

dw]zsf hgtfsf] hfoh dfusf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLn] PSoj4tf hgfpbf hgfpb} t/fO{df dw]zL d'n / kxf8L d'nsf gfu/Ls aLr kmf6f] NofO{ t/fO{ cfGbf]ngnfO{ g} wldNofpg] k|of; eof] . h;/L g]kfnu~h 36gfsf b[io dw]zdf km}nfO{ dw]zL hgtfnfO{ kxf8L hgtfsf lj?4df e8\sfpg ;fDk|bfoLs ;b\efjsf zq'x? s]lx xb ;Dd ;kmn eP, plgx? Tolx ?kdf kxf8sf hgtfnfO{ dw]zL hgtfsf lj?4df e8\|sfpg] k|of; ul//x]sf 5g\ . uf}/ 36gf h:tf] g/;+xf/ To;s} Pp6f k|of; lyof] . t/ uf}/ 36gfn] kxf8L d'nsf gful/snfO{ dw]zL d'nsf gfu/Lssf] lj?4 e8\sfpg g;s] kl5 ;fDk|bfoLs ;b\efjsf lj/f]lwx?n] b+uf e8\sfpg] :yfgsf] ?kdf sf7df08f}nfO{ /f]h] . x'g klg logLx?nfO{ nfu]sf] x'g ;S5 ls ;fdfGo Clts /f]zg sf08n] e8\sLg] sf7df08f}, O/fssf cft+ssf/Lsf] lj?4df e8\lsg] sf7df08f}nfO{ xfnsf] ;+qmd0fsfndf, dw]z s]xL ?kdf kxf8Lof lj?4df e8\lsPsf] ;dodf e8\sfpg ;hLnf] 5 / sf7df08f} e8\lsg' eg]s} ;Dk"0f{ g]kfn e8\lsg' xf] . sf7df08f}+df ad k8\sfO{ dw]zdf a:g] s'g} ;d'xn] la:kmf]6sf] lhDd]jf/L ln+bf sf7df08f}+df dw]zLx? dfyL cfqmd0f z'? x'g] 5 / g]kfndf ;fDk|bfoLs ;b\efj vnaNofpg ;lsg] 5 eGg] ;f]rn] sf7df08f}+df ad k8\sfO{ lgbf{]z gful/ssf] xTof u/Lof] . t/ sf7df08f}n] o;k6s Hofb} ;+odtf b]vfof] . sf7df08f}sf] 36gfjf6 ;fDk|bfoLstfdf cfFr Nofpg g;s]kl5 xtf; x'Fb} ;fDk|bfoLs ;b\efjsf zq'x?n] slknj:t'df df]Ob vfF sf] xTof u/] . tTkZrft plgx?n] km]/L g]kfnL ;+j]unfO{ e8\sfO{ slknj:t'df g/;+xf/ u/fpg ;kmn eP .

o;/L Ps kl5 csf]{ 36gfnfO{ s]nfpg]xf] eg] ;fdfhLs ck/flwx?sf] cft+ssf/L Jojxf/ g]kfnnfO{ tx;–gx; gkf/] ;Dd /f]lsg] b]vLb}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf klg g]kfn ;/sf/ cfof]u u7g / /fxtsf] s'/f eGbf cuf8L j9\g] u/]sf] kfO{b}g . lj=;+= @)%& kf}if !! sf] Clts /f]zg sf08, ebf} !^, @)^! sf] sf08, g]kfnu~h sf08, uf}/ sf08 sf cfof]hsx? tyf dw]zsf] cfGb]ngdf 3';k}7 u/L ck/flws 36gf 36fpg]x? gt kQf nfu]sf 5g\ gt s'g} ck/flwnfO{ sf/jfxL ePsf] 5 . o:tf] b08lxgtfsf] cj:yfn] ;fdfhLs ;fDk|bfoLstfsf ck/flwx?nfO{ yk ck/fw ug{ xf};nf ldn]sf] 5 . sf7df08f}+ ad sf08sf s]lx cf/f]kL cg'xf/x? ;fj{hlgs ePsf 5g\ . t/ To; sf08 k5f8L /x]sf] u'x\o ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5}g . ;/sf/sf] lg/Lxtf /x]sf] xfnsf] cj:yfdf If]q, ju{, wd{, / ;Dk|bfosf g]kfnLn] zflGt / ;+odtf ckgfpg' kg]{ ePsf] 5 . ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLn] ;fdfhLs–;fDk|bfoLs ck/flwnfO{ lrGg] / To:tf tTjsf] e8\sfpk"0f{ s[ofsnfknfO{ a'em]/ g]kfnLsf] PstfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg' clt cfjZos 5 . ck/fw rfx] lxdfnL, kxf8L jf dw]zL cg'xf/n] u/f];\ Tof] cfd lxdfnL, kxf8L jf dw]zLsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g ;Sb}g .

ck/flws dfgl;stfsf dflg;sf] hdft h'g ;'s} If]q, wd{, jf ;d'bfodf x'g ;S5g t/ ltgn] To:tf If]q, wd{, jf ;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwTj ub}{gg . ltgn] s]jn ck/fwLsf] k|ltlglwTj ub5{g . To:tf ck/fwLsf] klxrfg ul/ ;hfFo ug]{ kl/kf6L a;fpg'sf] ;§f g]kfnL /fhlgtL ;d]t ækm"6fp / /fh u/Æ eGg] dfGotfaf6 u|l;t eO{ e8\sfpsf] /fhlgtLsf] ugf{n] /fhlgtL hgtfsf] ;]jf ug]{ dfWod ge} kmf]xf]/L v]ndf kl/0ft ePsf] 5 . 36gf / ;dosf] ;+j]bglzntfnfO{ a]jf:tf u/L abnfsf] efjgf k|]l/t u/fpg] laleGg 36gfsf ;'rgf / ;dfrf/ ;+k]|if0f ubf{ dw]zsf] :jR5 cfGbf]ngn] ck/flws df]8 lng k'Uof] . dw]zdf cfuf] nflu /Xof] / cf–cfkm\gf] x7sf] sf/0f uf}/df /Qmkft eof] . hgcfGbf]ng–@ kl5 g]kfnL /fhg}lts j[Qdf 36]sf 36gfnfO{ x]bf{ hgcfGbf]ng–@ dfkm{t g]kfndf nf]stGq :yfkgf u/L g]kfnLsf] cfkm\gf] k|of;n] !) jif]{ ;z:q o'4nfO{ zflGt k|s[ofdf Nofpg ;kmn g]kfn /fhg}lts g]tfdf k~rfotL /fli6«otfn] l;sfPsf] slxn] gem'Sg] lz/ plePsf] -;xdtLdf gcfpg], cfkm" af]Ng] t/ c?sf] s'/f g;'Gg] / xfdL eGg] zAb 1fg gePsf]_ slyt :jfledfg -cledfg÷3d08_ kl/jt{g x'g g;ls /fhg}lts c;Ifdtf / n'5fr'+8Ln] hgtfsf] ;kgf jg]sf] ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg cGof]ndf k/]sf] 5 eg] zflGt k|s[of ;d]t w/fkdf kg{ ;Sg] ;+efjgf 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf k|lts[ofjfbLx? g]kfndf yk g]kfnu~h, uf}/, sf7df08f}, tyf slknj:t' 36gf 36fpg tlNng x'g]5g\ . To;}n] cfufdL lbgdf ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL Ps eP/ ;a} vfn] ;fdfhLs ck/fwLsf s[ofsnfknfO{ rgfvf] k"j{s x]b}{ s'g} klg ck/fwLs 36gfn] wd{, If]qLotf jf hftLotfsf] /+u lng gkfcf];\ eGg] tkm{ ;ts{ x'g' k/]sf] 5 . xfdL ;do ;dodf e8\sLPsf 5f} / e8\sfOPsf 5f} . h;jf6 xfdL n'6LPsf 5f}, xfdLn] u'dfPsf 5f} eg] ck/fwL n'6]/fx? cfkm\gf] p2]Zodf ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . xfd|f] Pstfn] dfq dfgljo ;+j]bgfnfO{ cad'Nog u/L ;fdfhLs ;b\efj vnaNofpg] 36gf /f]Sg ;+ej 5 . xfd|} Pstfaf6 dfq zflGt / ljsf;sf] nflu ckl/xfo{ nf]stGq ;+:yfut x'g ;Sg]5 .  

Rishikesh Pandey Need of King in Democratic State

Nff]stflGqs g]kfndf /fhfsf] cfjZostf <

 Clifs]z kf08]

O{d]n: itsmehimalaya@gmail.com

xfn hgtfnfO{ afx]s ;a}nfO{ /fhtGq rflxPsf] 5 t/ hgtfn] klg dg k/fpg] /fhtGq vf]Hg] tkm{ bnx?n] ;f]r]sf 5}gg . g]kfndf nf]stflGqs ;/sf/sf] :yfkgf ePsf] !& dlxgf lat] klg, /fhfnfO{ lgnlDat ul/P klg, g]kfnL hgtfsf] dg / dl:tis af6 /fhf / /fhtGq d]l6O{;s]sf] eP klg g]tf tyf /fhg}lts bnnfO{ g]kfndf /fhtGq arfO{ /fVg kg'{sf] vf; sf/0f hgtfn] a'em\g ;s]sf 5}gg . slxn] ;]/f]df]lgonsf] gfddf t slxn] a]la lsËsf] gfddf g]kfnL s+fu|];n] /fhfnfO{ af]Sg 5f8]sf] 5}g . cem s]lx dlxgf b]vL b|'t ultdf a9]sf] s+fu|]; Plss/0f k|s[of /fhtGqnfO{ arfpg] v]nsf] ?kdf cuf8L cfpg ;Sg] 7"nf] ;+efjgf b]lvG5 . g]kfnL s+fu|]; leq /fhtGq lj?4df hlt 7"nf] wf/ 5, lg0f{o :t/df To; wf/n] xfn;Dd ;]/f]df]lgon jf a]la lsËsf kIfw/x?nfO{ k/f:t ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . hlt g} lg/+s'z eP klg, b]z / hgtfnfO{ tx; gx; kf/] klg, kf6L{nfO{ k|ltaGw nufP klg / g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ gh/aGb jf y'g'jf agfP klg /fhtGqnfO{ dg, arg / sd{n] k'hf ul//xg'sf] cf}lrTo g]kfnL s+fu|];n] hgtf ;fd' k'i6L ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . g]kfnL s+fu|]; sdn yfkf jf /ljGb| gfy zdf{sf] kf6L{ xf]Og, g t o;sf] g]t[Tj k|sfz sf]O/fnfn] u/]sf 5g . Tolt dfq xf]Og ;'o{ axfb'/ yfkf, nf]s]Gb| axfb'/ rGb jf kz'klt zDz]/ h=a=/f= klg g]kfnL s+fu|];sf g]tf xf]Ogg . g]kfnL s+fu|];sf sfo{stf{, eft[ ;+u7g tyf s+fu|];sf ;'a]R5's dtbftfx? Dffem slx st} cl:tTjdf g/x]sf] /fhtGqnfO{ g]kfnL s+fu|];n] af]ls /fVg kg'{sf] sf/0fx? hgtfsf dfemdf /fvL lbP hgtfn] u'd/fx af6 aflx/ cfpg] cj;/ kfpg] lyP .

/fhtGqnfO{ oyfjt /fVg] sfo{df g]kfnL s+fu|]; dfq} Psn k|of;df nfu]sf] xf]Og . klxn]sf /fhfjfbL bnsf] s'/f t s] ug]{, cfkm"nfO{ ;fx|} u0ftGqjfbL atfpg] g]skf Pdfn] tyf dfcf]jfbLdf klg /fhtGqsf kIfw/ /lx/xg'nfO{ hgtfn] qf;sf] efjdf x]/]sf 5g . hgtf nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] kIfdf ePsf] tYonfO{ 7f8} r'gf}tL lb+b} g]tfx? /fhtGq k|]dL x'g' nf]stflGqs zf;g Joj:yfsf] nflu z'e ;+s]t kSs} xf]Og . hgtf / gful/s ;dfhsf] ;dod} lj/f]w x'Fbf x'Fb} n'sfP/ b/af/nfO{ kf]:g] xfnsf] nf]stflGqs < ;/sf/ / /fhfnfO{ afFRgs} nflu ah]6 lbOPsf] eGg] u}/ lhDd]jf/ hjfkm lbg] Pdfn] dxf;lrj, b/af/nfO{ vr{ glbg bafa glbg] t/ 36fpg dfq k|of; ug]{ dfcf]jfbLn] hgtfnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' k5{ ls /fhfnfO{ k};f glb+bf sxfF s] ljklQ cfpg] lyof] . nfvf}+ hgtf ef]sd/Ln] lk8Lt x'g] b]zdf hgtfnfO{ @ 5fs v'jfpg g;Sg] ;/sf/n], åGå lk8Lt, ;fdGt lk8Lt, lgs'Gh lk8Lt, jf9L lk8Lt tyf clt ljkGg hgtfsf] lzIff, :jf:Yo / /f]huf/Lsf] lhDd]jf/L lng g;Sg] ;/sf/n], cl;ldt ;DklQsf dfnLsnfO{ yk s/f]8f} lbg'sf] cf}lrTo s'g} klg axfgfaf6 ;fljt x'g ;St}g < hgtf lar cfh} u0ftGq 3f]if0ff÷ef]nL u0ftGq 3f]if0ff ug{ ;Sg] 3d08 ug]{ dfcf]jfbLsf] pNn]Vo ;+Vofdf dGqLx? k|efjzfnL dGqfnodf x'Fbf ;d]t ;/sf/ tkm{ kmls{bfsf] jf:tljstf eGbf km/s x'g] ul/ lgl/x hgtf h:t} zlQmlxg b]vLg' st} plgx?sf] hgtf lt/ kms]{/ ug]{ clego dfq t xf]Og eg]/ hgtfn] z+sf ug{ ;S5g . ctM dfcf]jfbLn] ;d]t hgtfnfO{ :ki6 kfg'{ k5{ ls dfcf]jfbLsf] s'g s'gfdf s:tf] x};Lotsf] /fhtGq n's]sf] 5 .

g]kfnsf ljleGg :yfgsf] e|d0fsf j]nf s]xL hgtf ljif]zu/L kfsf gful/sx?n] b]zdf zflGt :yfkgf x'G5 eg] /fhtGq l:jsfbf{ 3f6f gx'g] ts{ /fv]sf] kfO{G5 . jf:tjdf o;/L ;fgf] ;+Vofdf ePklg hgtfn] æ/fhtGqnfO{ 7fpF lb+bf zflGt 5fpF5 eg]Æ eGg'sf] cy{ /fhtGq cfjZos 5 eGg] geO{ plgx?sf] zflGt k|ltsf] cfsfFIff xf] . o;sf] k5f8L n's]sf] cy{ eg]sf] 7fpF gkfpFbf /fhf tyf /fhfsf ;dy{sn] s'g} k|sf/sf] clk|o 36gf 36fpg ;S5g ls eGg] 8/ hgtfdf /x]sf] b]vLG5 . s] /fhg}lts kf6L{x?sf] /fhf hkfO{ klg olx 8/ leq n's]sf] 5 < Pdfn] dxf;lrjsf] egfOnfO{ Pshgf jl/i7 JoËsf/n] klg o:t} cfzodf cfkm\gf] >[hgfdf k|:t't u/]sf  lyP . Tolt dfq xf]O{g dw]zsf] cfGbf]ngdf /fhtGqjfbL sf] 3'ifk}7 5 eGg] /fhg}lts bnx?, ebf} !^ sf] sf7df08f}sf] ad sf08df /fhfjfbLsf] xft /x]sf] z+sf ug]{ /fhg}lts bnx? hgcfGbf]ng @ sf] Toqf] ljzfn hgfwf/ kfpFbf kfpFb} lsg olt sdhf]/< olb dw]zsf] cfGbf]ngdf /fhtGqjfbL sf] 3'ifk}7 5 / ad sf08df /fhfjfbLsf] xft 5 eGg] xf] eg] ;/sf/ lsg sf/jfxL ub}{g < hgtfsf] zflGtsf] rfxgf /fhtGq /xFbfs} cj:yfdf ;d]t k'/f gePsf] oyfy{nfO{ dgg ubf{ b]zdf zflGt :yfkgf s} nflu /fhtGq /fVg'kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvb}g . xf] nf]stGq k|lt ;a}n] vt/f dxz'z u/]sf] oyfy{ xf] . t/ of] klg Tolt g} ;To xf] sL /fhtGq g/fVbf eGbf /fhtGq /fVbf nf]stGqnfO{ al9 vt/f 5 . lsg ls ha /fhtGq /xG5 ta dfq /fhtGq af6 nf]stGqdf vt/f x'g ;S5 . /fhtGq g} g/x] s] sf] vt/f < o;f] x'Fbf x'Fb} klg åGå ?kfGt/0fsf l;4fGtx?n] åGå dWo:ytf / ?kfGt/0fsf] nflu åGå/t kIfn] Ps csf{sf] cl:tTj l:jsf/ ug'{ / ;Ddfg ug'{ kg]{ atfpF5 . ctM xfnsf] åGå olb /fhtGq / nf]stGq aLrsf] / ;x cl:tTj sf] nflu xf] eg] g]kfnsf] ljBdfg /fhtGqsf] cl:tTjsf] af/]df ljZn]if0f ug'{ cfjZos 5 .

g]kfn Plss/0f ;+u} :yflkt g]kfnsf] /fhtGq jf:tljs ?kdf /fhf lj/]Gb|sf] j+z ljgf; kl5 cl:tTj ljlxg ePsf] ;a}nfO{ :ki6 ePsf] s'/f xf] . cem hgtfsf] egfO{df t lj/]Gb|sf] j+z ljgf; kl5sf] /fhtGq hgtfsf] O{R5fdf ge} aGb'ssf] e/df :yflkt ePsf] xf] eGg] b]lvG5 . ctM xfnsf] åGå nf]stGq / /fhtGq aLrsf] ge} nf]stGq / 1fg]Gb| zfx aLrsf] xf] eGbf cTo"lQm gxf]nf . of] åGå nfO{ g]kfnL hgtfsf] cfsf+Iff nf]stflGqs u0ftGq / 1fg]Gb| aLrsf] xf] elgPdf åGå dWo:ytfsf] nflu ;a}sf] cl:tTj l:jsfg'{ kg]{ dfGotf cg';f/ g]kfnL hgtfn] 1fg]Gb| zfxsf] cl:tTjnfO{ ;;Ddfg l:jsfg]{ 5g\ . g]kfnL hgtfn] hfg]sf] 1fg]Gb| zfxsf] cl:yTj Ps uLtsf/ / Ps ;kmn Joj;foL jf pBf]uklt xf] . ctM ha 1fg]Gb| zfx Ps uLtsf/ jf ;flxTosf/sf] ?kdf g]kfnL df6f]df b]vf kg]{5g\ jf egf}+ ;kmn Joj;foL jf pBf]ukltsf] ?kdf g]kfnL hgtfn] pgnfO{ ahf/df b]Vg]5g ta plg k|lt hgtfsf] ;Ddfg cjZo /xg] . o;}u/L 1fg]Gb| zfx af6 klg hgtfsf] cl:tTjnfO{ l:jsfl/ ul2sf] nf]e Tofu]df 1fg]Gb| zfx tyf pgsf] kl/jf/ nfO{ gt lzj/flqdf kz'klt gfysf] bz{g ug{ af6 alGrt x'g' kg]{ 5 gt s[i0ffidL df s[i0f dlGb/ hfg jf6 . Tolt dfq xf]O{g 1fg]Gb| zfx tyf kl/jf/sf ;a} gful/s ;/xsf clwsf/ ;'/lIft x'g]5g\ . o;sf] ;fy;fy} g]kfnL hgtfn] ef]u]sf] xfnsf] åGå klg ;dfKt x'g]5 . ctM xfnsf] hgtfsf] lj/f]w 1fg]Gb| zfx k|lt geO{ >L % 1fg]Gb| lj/ ljqmd zfxb]j dflysf] xf] eGg] s'/f a'em\g' cfjZos 5 .

g]kfnL hgtfsf] lj/f]wsf] afah"b g]kfnL s+fu|];n] /fhtGq hf]ufpg s} nflu >L % 1fg]Gb|nfO{ kbaf6 x6\g cfu|x ug'{ k/]sf] 5 . >L % 1fg]Gb| x6]/} eP klg df]l/of6L{x?nfO{ /fhtGq hf]ufpg' 5 . cfkm\gf] b]zdf *! k|ltzt lxGb'x? x'Fbf lxGb' /fHo grfxLP klg ef/tLo lxGb'x?nfO{ g]kfn lxGb' /fhtGqfTds /fHo agfpg' k/]sf] 5 . Pdfn] ;d]tn] /fhtGq arfpg ah]6 lbg'kg]{ :ki6 kfl/;s]sf] 5 eg] o;sf] kl5kl5 dfcf]jfbLn] klg /fhfnfO{ ah]6 lbg c3f]ifLt d~h'/L lbPsf] 5 . cem lj8Djgf, ;+ljwfgn] lgnlDjt u/] klg g]kfnL ldl8ofn] dfxf/fh÷dxf/fgL÷o'j/fh÷d'df j8fdfxf/fgL cfbL elg ;Daf]wg 5f8]sf 5}gg\ . gt s'g} /fhg}lts bnn] 5f8]sf 5g\ . kf/if zfx lj/fdL k/]sf] ;dfrf/ n] ;a} ld8Lofdf :yfg kfof] Tof] klg o'j/fhlw/fhsf] ;Ddfg ;fy . kf/if zfxs} pkrf/df ;+nUg 8S6/x? o:tf @$ j6f s];df @@ j6fsf] ;kmn pkrf/ ePsf] jtfp5g t/ lt s'g} s]; g]kfnL ld8LofnfO{ ;dfrf/ ePgg\ . of] s:tf] lj8DDjgf xf] g]kfnsf] hxfF g]kfnLsf] ;Ddfg x'Fb}g < o:tf] ;fdlGt ;+:sf/n] h/f uf8]sf] d'n'sdf /fhtGq /lxt nf]stGq cfpnf < jf:tjdf g]kfnL hgtf jfx]ssf ;j} g]kfnL OnfO6 /fhtGqsf] kIfdf 5g\ / plgx? s]jn hgtfnfO{ 9fF6\g vlKk; 5g\ eGg] tYo o;jf6 :ki6 ePsf] 5 . cem kf/if zfx lj/fdL k/]sf] ;dfrf/ n] ;]K6]Dj/ @ sf] adsf08sf] bf]ifLsf] vf]hLsf] nflu ldl8ofdf rNg' kg]{ jx; / ldl8ofn] lbg'kg]{ bjfj cf]em]ndf kg{ ;Sg] / x'nd'nsf] df}sfdf ck/flw efUg;Sg] ;+efjgfnfO{ gsfg'{ h3Go ulNt x'g]5 .

o:tf] /fhtGq k|ltsf] /fhg}lts bn, g]tfx? / ljb]zL zlQmsf] df]xnfO{ hgtfn] kmfNg ;Snfg < of] sfo{ Tolt ;/n / ;xh 5}g lsgls ;a} /fhf rfxg]x?n] /fhfnfO{ /fli6«o Pstfsf] k|lts, /fli6«o cv08tfsf] ;'lglZrtstf{ tyf /fi6« k|d'vsf] ?kdf x]/]sf 5g\ . t/ s;}n] klg Tof] JolQm 1fg]Gb| zfx g} x'g' k5{ eg]sf 5}gg . a? /fhf rfxLG5 eGg]x?n] g} 1fg]Gb| zfx s'g} klg xfntdf /fhf x'g' x'Fb}g eg]sf 5g\ . To;}n] klg w]/}n] w]/} vfn] /fhfsf] k|:tfj u/], >[ltsf] 5f]/L b]vL lnP/ x[bo]Gb| ;Ddsf k|:tfj cfP . ljZjdf /fhtGq nf]kf]Gd'v 5 . ljZjsf] hg;+Vofsf] !) k|ltzt eGbf sd hg;+Vof /fhtGqaf6 zfl;t 5g\ . o; kl/k]Ifdf g]kfndf /fhtGqsf] cfjZostf 7fGg' lsdfy{ /fd|f] x'g] 5}g . tyfkL /fi6« k|d'v / Pstfsf] k|ltssf] ?kdf /fhf rflxPsf] xf] eg] laNs'n} gofF k|s[ltsf] /fhfsf] ;f]rfO{ agfpg' cfjZos b]lvG5 . To;}n] oxfF Pp6f /fhfsf] k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 / nfU5 of] k|:tjn] /fhf rfxg] / grfxg] b'j} ;d'xsf] dfu k'/f x'g]5 .

xf], /fhf ;fFrL g]kfnsf] nflu kfly{j Pstfsf] l;4fGtsf k|lt?k x'g ;S5g eg], jf /fi6« k|d'v /fhf g} agfO{g' k5{ eg] ljZjdf ljleGg b]zsf /fi6« k|d'vnfO{ ljleGg gfddf /fi6«fWoIf, :6]6 d]g, /fi6«klt, rfG;n/ elgP em} g]kfnL /fi6« k|d'vnfO{ /fhf elgg] 5 / p;n] gf/fo0flx6L b/af/df a;]/ /fi6« k|d'vsf lhDd]jf/L lgjf{x ug]{ 5 / >Lk]r klg klxl/g] 5 . To:tf] JolQm nf]stflGqs zf;g Joj:yf cg';f/ lgjf{rg k|s[ofaf6 hgtfn] 5fGg]5g\ / hGdsf] cfwf/df sf]xL /fhf aGg kfpg] 5}g . pQm lgjf{rgaf6 cfpg] JolQm If]qLo–hftLo–n}ËLs lje]b ljgf hf] sf]xL x'g ;Sg]5 t/ g}ltsjfg, ;Ifd / g]kfnsf] ljljwtfsf] ;Ddfg ug]{ x'g' kg]{5 . Toltdfq xf]Og pQm /fhfn] cf};t g]kfnL ;/xsf] lhjgofkg ug{ /fHosf]if jf6 kfl/>dLs kfpg] 5 . pQm /fhf /fhb/af/ l5bf{ s} cfyL{s cj:yfdf b/af/af6 aflxl/g] -ef/tLo /fi6«klt cAb'n snfd h:t}_ 5 . pQm /fhfn] /fi6« k|d'vsf] x}l;otdf ul/g] ;a} cf}krfl/s sfo{qmd sfo{sf/L -sfo{kfnLsf_ n] lbPsf] ljlw÷lglt÷lgod / Joj:yflksfn] lbPsf] ah]6 leq /xL ljlQo cg'zf;g sfod ub}{ /fi6« k|d'vsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ 5 . o:tf] /fhfsf] kbfjlw % jif{sf] x'g], Joj:yflksfsf] @ ltxfO{n] s'g} klg sf/0fdf x6fpg ;Sg] / s'g} klg JolQm @ sfo{sfn eGbf a9L ;do /fhf aGg gkfpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg ;s] /fd|} x'GYof] sL <  /fhf klg /xg] / hgtfn] 5fGg klg kfpg] x'Fbf of] k|:tfj ;a}nfO{ l:jsfo{ x'GYof] sL < t/ /fhlgltzfl:qx? /fhtGq -df]gfsL{_sf] cjwf/0ff lgjf{rg ;+u ;+alGwt ge} ;Gtfg b/;Gtfgsf] -k'Vof}{nL_ cjwf/0ff ePsf]n] of] k|:tfj l:jsfg{ g;lsg] ts{ klg /fVnfg . t/ of] ;+ej 5 lsgsL k'Vof}{nL /fhtGqsf] cjwf/0ff g]kfnsf] nflu cfoftLt cjwf/0ff xf] h'g cjwf/0ff dfGg} k5{ eGg] 5}g . h;/L ljleGg b]z g]kfn ;lxtn] /fhfsf] h]7f] k'?if ;Gtfg ul2sf] xsbf/ x'g] k/Dk/f jbNb} h]7f] ;Gtfg -dlxnf klg_ xsbf/ x'g ;Sg] Aoj:yf u/]sf] 5 To;} u/L lgjf{rg jf6 /fhf 5fGg] / pQm /fhf /fi6« k|d'v x'g] k/Dk/f klg cj rnfpg ;lsG5 / of] Joj:yf clt pQd x'g]5 . cflv/ of] k2tL g]kfnsf] nflu gofF xf]O{g lsgls x/]s j8fbz}+df bf}8 lht]/ /fhf jGg] k/Dk/fnfO{ xfnsf] /fhtGqn] zlQmsf] e/df jbn]/ k'Vof}{nL /fhtGqsf] cjwf/0ff :yflkt u/]sf] xf] . PSsfO{;f}+ ztflAb zlQmsf] ztflAb ge} ;xdltsf] ztflAb ePsf]n] lgjf{rg jf6 x/]s % jif{sf] nflu /fhf r'Gg] k2tL dfkm{t b]z / hgtfsf] enfO{df w]/} jif{ latfpg]x?nfO{ /fhf agfpg' cfkm}df Ps dxfg ;+:sf/ x'g]5 .  

Rishikesh Pandey Quality Education

u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf] ;jfn / z}lIfs ;d:of ;dfwfgsf pkfo

Clifs]z kf08]

Email: itsmehimalaya@gmail.com

ljifo k|j]z

dfgj clwsf/n] ;d]6\g] w]/} If]qdf lzIffsf] clwsf/ klg kb{5 / of] clwsf/ k|fKt eP dfq cGo clwsf/ ;'/lIft x'G5g\ . lzIffn] ;fdflhs–wfld{s–If]qLo–hftLo–n}lËs ljljwtfsf] ;Ddfg ub}{ ;dembf/L / ;lxi0f'tf a9fP/ ;x–cl:yTj l:jsf/ u/L ;dGoflos ;dfh lgdf{0fdf ;3fp k'¥Øfp5 . lzIff ;dfh kl/jt{gsf] zlQm ePsf]n] of] åGå ?kfGt/0f tyf zflGt :yfkgfsf] dfWod aGg ;S5 . dfgj ;+;fwg ;a} ;+;fwgsf] hggL ePsf]n] ul/aLn] t8\lkPsf] b]znfO{ lzIff ul/aLjf6 5'6sf/f lbnfpg] ;+;fwg aGg ;S5 . lzIffn] k|fs[lts ;DklQ / ljljwtfsf] ;Ddfg / plrt Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u k'¥Øfpg] x'gfn] lzIff dfgj hfltsf] cl:yTj / ;fdYo{ ;+u hf]8LPsf] 5 .

lzIffn] dflg;sf] JolQmTj, ltI0ftf, Ifdtf, dfgl;s Pj+ zfl//Ls ljsf; u/L :jtGq ;dfhsf] lhDd]jf/ ;b:o agfpFg] x'Fbf lzIffsf] ckl/xfo{tf dfly k|Zg p7\g ;St}g . To;}n] ;a}sfnflu lzIff sf] k|ltj4tf / lzIffsf] clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttfsf k|of;x? e}/x]sf 5g\ . olt x'Fbf x'Fb} klg lzIffdf u'0f:t/ Pp6f clt ljlzi6 ;jfn /x]sf] 5 h;n] lzIffn] ug]{ / ug{ ;Sg] ;a} s'/fx?nfO{ lgwf{/0f ub{5 .

x'gt u'0f:t/ Pp6f ;fk]lIft s'/f xf] h'g :yfg, ;do, ;dfh, jhf/, cfjZostf / cfsfFIff h:tf tTj ;+u} km/s kg{ ;S5 . t/ klg s'g} b]z tyf ;dfhnfO{ lglZrt ;dodf lglZrt :t/sf] u'0f:t/ cfjZos k5{ . hgcfGbf]ng @ sf] ;kmntf ;+u} cfuf8L a9]sf] gofF g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] gf/fn] s:tf] z}lIfs u'0f:t/ gofF g]kfnsf]nflu cfjZos 5 / To;sf] k|flKt s;/L ug]{ eGg] jf/]df kof{Kt ax; k|fKt u/]sf] 5}g eg] ljBdfg lzIff k|0ffnLn] gofF g]kfn sf] cfjZostf k'/f u5{ eGg ;lsg] cj:yf klg 5}g . o;} ;Gbe}df o; n]vdf xfnsf] z}lIfs If]qdf JofKt ;d:ofx? cf}Nopb} u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsfnflu lt ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfgsf pkfox?sf] jf/]df rrf{ ug]{ k|of; u/LPsf] 5 .

z}lIfs If]qdf JofKt ;d:ofx?

PSsfO{;f}+ ;tflAbnfO{ ;'rgf–k|ljlwsf] o'udf elgP klg g]kfndf e08} %) Ü hgtf k9\g–n]Vg g} ghfGg] x'g'n] ljZjdf g]kfnsf] cj:yf 5n{Ë x'G5 . ;a}sfnflu lzIff / u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf] ljifodf s'/f ubf{ lzIff If]qdf /x]sf] ef}lts k'jf{wf/ tyf z}lIfs ;fdfu|Lsf] ;jfn t8\sf/f] ?kdf cuf8L cfp5 . g]kfn clw/fHosf ;a}h;f] ljBfno sIffsf]7f, 5fgf, ejg tyf v]n d}bfgsf] cefj, vfg]kfgL tyf zf}rfnosf] cefj h:tf Ps jf Ps eGbf j9L ;d:of jf6 lk/f]nLO{ /x]sf 5g eg] clwsf+z ljBfnodf kof{Kt lzIfs 5}gg\ . ljBfno / lzIfs cg'kft cfjZostf eGbf sd tyf lzIfs / ljBfyL{ cg'kft cfjZostf eGbf jl9 /x]sf] / c;dfg ?kdf ljt/0f ePsf] lzIfs–ljBfyL{ cg'kftn] z}lIfs u'0f:t/nfO{ k|efj kf/]sf] 5 .

;a}sfnflu lzIff cleofg ;+rfngdf /x]sf] ePklg ljljw sf/0fn] ljBfnodf egf{ gx'g] tyf egf{ x'g]n]  ljBfno txsf] cWoog k'/f gu/L 5f8\g] k|j[lt g]kfnsf ;a}h;f] u|fld0f If]qdf /x]sf] 5 . cToGt sdhf]/ cfly{s cj:yfsf] sf/0f cleefjsx? jfnjflnsfnfO{ ljBfno k7fpb}gg\ eg] k6s–k6s kl/Iffdf km]n x'gfn] jfnjflnsfx? ljBfno hfg 5f8\5g\ . sfg'gn] jGb]h nufP klg oyfjt /x]sf] jfnljjfxn] jflnsfx? ;fg} pd]/df ljBfno 5f8\g jfWo 5g eg] kx'Fr leq ljBfno gx'Fbf jf åGåsf] sf/0fn] ;d]t jfnjflnsf ljBfno 5f8\g afWo 5g\ . lzIff If]qdf /x]sf] o:tf] cj:yfn] jfnjflnsfnO{ u'0f:t/Lo lzIff jf6 dfq ge} lzIffsf] clwsf/ jf6 ;d]t alGrt agfPsf] 5 . lzIffsf] clwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkqdf ^) jif{ cl3 b]vL k|lta4tf hgfO{sf] ePtf klg o;sf] k"0f{ sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ljBfnodf gt cfjZostf cg';f/ lzIfs b/aGbL 5, gt ePs} b/jlGb cg';f/ kbk'tL{ x'g ;s]sf] 5 . To:t} Psflt/ lzIfs b/jlGbsf] Gofof]lrt ljt/0f 5}g eg] csf]{lt/ lgo"lQm / ;?jf÷a9'jfdf gftfafb, s[kfjfb, rfs8L jfb / kf6L{jfb xflj 5 . ljBfno ;~rfngdf >f]t ;fwgsf] sdL 5 . :yflgo txdfg} sltko ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsg] ePtf klg lgis[o, sdhf]/ Joj:yfksLo Ifdtf / lhDd]j/L jxg gug]{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] sf/0f z}lIfs ;d:ofx? oyfjt /x]sf] 5g\ .

lzIff If]qsf ;d:ofx?df ;/f]sf/jfnfx? jLr z}lIfs ;d:of / ;dfwfgsf af/]df cGt/s[ofsf] gx'g', cToGt lkmtnf] tl/sf jf6 cg'udg tyf lgl/If0f ul/g', k7g–kf7g tyf kl/Iff k|0ffnL ;fy{s gx'Fbf u'0f:t/lxg ufO{8, u]; k]k/, gf]6 h:tf kf7\o ;fdfu|Ldf l;dLt ljBfyL] cem kl/Iffdf lr6 rf]g]{ clg d'l:snn] plt0f{ x'g] kl/kf6Ln] lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ vl:sPsf] 5 . lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ vl:sg'df lzIff ;DalGw P]g lgod tyf gLltut ljifodf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu 5nkmn tyf cGtls{of gug]{ kl/kf6L n] jg]sf lglt–lgod sdhf]/ / lkmtnf x'Fbf b]lvPsf] lgtLut lg/Lxtf, Pj+ b]zdf ljBdfg åGå tyf /fhg}lts lvrftfgL ;d]t lhDd]jf/ 5g\ . ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx?df hjfkmb]lxtfsf] cefj, lzIfsx? nuglzn / lgoldt gx'g', tflnd k|fKt lzIfsx?n] klg tflndsf pknlAwsf] k|of]u gug'{, l;sfO{ k|s[of Ifdtf clej[l4 / >[hgfd'lv ge} jfl8g] j:t'sf] ?kdf lnO{g'n] z}lIfs u'0f:t/ 36]sf] 5 . ljBfno lgl/If0f / cg'udg k|efjsf/L 5}g / z}lIfs k|zf;g u'0f:t/Lo lZfIff k|lt rf;f] /fVb}g . Tolt dfq xf]O{g u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf] nflu gt ;/sf/sf] gt /fhg}lts bnsf] OG5f zlQm b]lvG5 . ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt, cleefjs, gful/s ;dfh st} jf6 klg u'0f:tl/o lzIffsf] nflu vj/bf/L x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . z}lIfs If]q o;/L tx; gx; 5 ls gofF g]kfnsf] gfddf oyfl:yltnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg' eGbf al9 s]lx x'g] cj:yf b]lvb}g .

;dfwfgsf pkfo

lzIffsf] clwsf/ ljZjJofkL xf] eg] u'0f:t/sf] d'4f /fHo / ahf/sf] xf] . s'g} klg /fHosf] lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ s:tf] x'g] eGg] s'/fsf] lglZrttf ug]{ / pQm :t/sf] u'0f:t/sf] lzIff ;'lglZrtsf]nflu cfjZos aGbf]j:t ldnfpg] cleef/f /fHosf] g} xf] . lzIffsf] clwsf/sf] leq jfnjflnsfn] k|f/lDes lzIff dft[efiff kfpg' kg]{ clwsf/ klg k5{ . k|f/lDes lzIff dft[efiffsf] dfWod jf6 lbO{bf l;sfO{ k|efjsf/L x'g] x'Fgfn] k|fylds txsf] lzIff dft[efiff lbO{g' kb{5 . jfnjfnLsfnfO{ zfl//Ls / dfgl;s ;hfFo lbO{ lzIff nfb\g] kl/kf6Lsf] cGTo u/L jfn d}qLk'0f{ tl/sfjf6 l;sfO{g] k|0ffnL cjnDjg ul/g' k5{ . lzIff k|s[ofdf afnaflnsfsf] k|ToIf ;xeflutf, lzIffy{L{sf] ;Ddfg, cfTd ljZjf;df j[l4, cfTd cg'zf;g k|lt k|]l/t ug]{ l;sfO{ k|s[of / /fhgLlts tyf ;fdfhLs cleofg dfkm{t ;a}sfnflu lzIff eGg] ;x;|flAb nIo k|fKt x'g] cj:yf jgfO{g' k5{ . /fHosf] lzIff k|0ffnL tyf lzIff lgtLn] Zffl//Ls / dfgl;s ?kdf sdhf]/ jfnjflnsfsf] lzIff k|lt Wofg lbg ljif]z /]vb]vdf lbO{g] lzIffsf] (Special Needs Education) Joj:yf ug'{ .

lzIffdf /fHosf] kof{Kt nufgL jLgf gt lzIffsf] clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrt x'g ;S5 gt u'0f:t/ . cfwf/e"t ;fdflhs ;]jfdf /fHosf] bx|f] ;xof]u / cfosf] 7"nf] lx:;f lzIffdf nufgL ug]{ k|lta4tf /fHon] gu/] ;Dd lzIffsf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt x'Fb}g . /fHon] ;d'bfonfO{ lzIff If]qdf nufgL ubf{sf] b[Zo / dfklgo k|ltkmnsf] hfgsf/L u/fO{ lzIff zflGt, nf]stGq / ljsf;sf] cfwf/ xf] elg kl/eflift ug{ ;s] / ;f]lx cg'?ksf /fHon] ;xsfo{sf]nflu ;d'bfo / lglh If]qnfO{ cfJxfg ug{ ;s]df s]lx jif{dfg} ce'tk"j{ ;kmntf k|fKt x'g ;S5 . To;} u/L;sf/fTds z}lIfs x:tIf]kx? h:t}M 5fqj[lt, z}lIfs cg'bfg, lgMz'Ns z}lIfs ;fdu|L ;xof]u, egf{ cleofg, dlxnfnfO{ ljZf]if u|fXotf h:tf s[ofsnfkx? ljleGg u}x| ;/sf/L ;+:yf tyf sNof0fsf/L ;+:yf tyf JolQmx?n] ;d]t ;xof]u u/]/ ul/jL, cefj / l;dfGts[t cj:yfdf /x]sf jfnjflnsfx?sf] ;d]t u/L;a}sfnflu lzIffsf] clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrt ug{ ;lsG5 .

ljBfno gS;fÍg u/L ljBfno gePsf :yfgdf ljBfnosf] :yfkgf ug]{ / a[xt 5nkmn jf6 /fhg}lts ;xdlt jgfO{ lzIfs–ljBfyL{ cg'kftsf] cfwf/df kf/blz{ ?kdf b/aGbL ldnfg / lzIfs lgo"lQm tyf ;?jf u/L lzIfs–ljBfyL{ cg'kft ldnfpg' k5{ . lzIf0f k]zfnfO{ cGo k]zfdf gljs] kl5 ug]{ k]zfsf ?kjf6 ;a{>]i7x?n] ug]{ k]zfsf] ?kdf ?kfGt/0f gu/] ;Dd z}lIfs u'0f:t/df ;'wf/ x'g] b]lvb}g . To;}u/L ljBfyL{x?nfO{ /fhgLlts ?kdf ;';'lrt u/fpg] sfo{ Kff7\oqmd dfkm{t u/fO{ lzIff If]qdf /fhg}lts bn tyf ljBfyL{ ;u7gx?n] cx:tIf]ksf] jftfj/0f agfpg' cfjZos b]lvG5 . s'g} klg axfgfdf afnaflnsfsf] k9fOdf c;/ k'Ug] k|s[tLsf sfo{qmd gug]{ k|ltj4tf ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?n] hfx]/ ug]{ / ljBfnonfO{ zflGt If]qsf] ?kdf l:jsf/ ul/Psf] k|lta4tf / zflGt If]q eg]sf] k|ToIf o'4 gug]{ eGg] ;+ls0f{ cy{ eGbf a9L afnaflnsfnfO{ ljBfnos} cf}krfl/s sfo{qmddf afx]s cGo s'g} klg ljlzi6 JolQm ljz]ifsf] :jfut÷ljbfO{df gnufpg], ljljw vfn] ¥ofnL÷wgf{÷cfGbf]ng jf pT;jdf gnufpg] eGg] cy{df lng] k|ltj4tf k|s6 ub}{ ljBfnon] z}lIfs Sofn]08/nfO{ b[9tfsf ;fy kfngf ug{ ;Sg] jftfj/0f jgfpg' k5{ .

ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt tyf ;d'bfonfO{ Ifdtfjfg gagfO{ ljBfno x:tfGt/0f ug{ cft'/ b]lvg'n] ;/sf/ cfkm\gf] bfloTj efUg rfx] h:tf] b]vLG5 . To;}n] ;/sf/n] ljBfno x:tfGt/0f ug'{ cuf8L ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt tyf ;d'bfosf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{ kg]{ b]lvG5 . To:t} ;dfg lzIff÷kf7\oqmd / ;dfg k/LIff k|0ffnL ckgfO{ Joj;foLs, lzkd'ns / k|fljlws lzIffdf hf]8 lb+b} ;fd'bflos / gLlh ljBfno jLrsf] c;dfgtf 36fpg] k|oTg x'g' kb{5 . gLlh ljBfnox?sf] Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df x/]s lglh ljBfnonfO{ b'u{d If]qsf Ps jf Ps eGbf j9L ;fd'bfoLs ljBfno ;+u ;+hfndf cfj4 u/L z}lIfs tyf Joj:yfklso ;]jf cfbfg–k|bfgsf] dfWod jf6 ;fd'bfoLs jf ;/sf/L ljBfnosf] z}lIfs u'0f:t/df pNn]Vo ?kdf ;'wf/ ug{ ;lsG5 . z}lIfs ;d:of ;dfwfgsf]nflu ;d'bfo :t/ b]vLg} s]Gb|;Dd ;'emfj / bafj lbg] / k|fKt ;'emfj / bafjnfO{ ;sf/fTds ?kdf lng] kl/kf6L j;fP/ lzIff If]qsf] lhDd]jf/L ;fy{s ?kdf jxg ug]{ kl/kf6L j;fpg ;lsG5 . :yfgLo ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?sf] ;~hfn / ;d'bfo tyf gful/s ;dfhsf] ;s[otfdf ljBfno x]/ cleofg ;+~rfng ug]{ xf] eg] ljBfnosf] lgodLt cg'udg x'g], lzIfsnfO{ lgodLt / lhDd]jf/ x'g k|]/Lt ug]{ / z}lIfs Joj:yfkg / cleoGtf aLr l:jsf/ of]Uo jftfj/0f jGg] b]lvG5 . lzIff / To;sf] k|of]u÷/f]huf/Lsf]nflu lghL If]q jf ahf/ ;Fu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ug]{ kl/kf6L / lzIffly{nfO{ cWoog ;dodfg} cWoog/t If]qdf cNksfnLg jf cf+lzs /f]hu/Lsf] kl/kf6L j;fpg ;s] lzIffn] lhljsf]kfh{gdf ;xof]u ug{ ;S5 .

lhNnfdf jg]sf cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf / ljBfnodf jg]sf ljBfno ;'wf/ of]hgf cg';f/ Ps 4f/ k|0ffnL dfkm{t lzIff ;+u ;+alGwt sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug]{, u}x| ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] :yflgo ;d'bfon] p7fPsf lglZrt ;jfnx?df s]lGb|t eP/ sfd ug]{ kl/kf6Lsf] ljsf; ug]{, / cleefjs lzIff, tyf ;a}sfnflu lzIff / u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf] nflu ef}lts tyf af}l4s jftfj/0fsf] lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u ugf{n]] lzIff If]qsf w]/} ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 .

u'0f:t/Lo lzIff af6 dfq gofF g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f x'g ;S5 . gofF g]kfnsf] lgdf{0fsf]nflu cfkm|gf] ;fF:s[lts klxrfg / c?sf] ;Eotfsf] ;Ddfg lbg] lzIff, / Hfflto, If]lqo, eflifs, n}lËs lje]b cGTo ub}{ ljZjJofkLs/0f / k|ljlw k5\ofpg] lzIffsf] ;fy;fy} /fli6«otf / /fi6« k|]d Pj+ g]kfnL ljljwtfsf] ;Ddfg ug{ l;sfpg] lzIff k|bfg ug]{ g;lsPdf gofF g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] ;kgf ;fsf/ x'g] 5}g . gofF g]kfnsf] lzIff k|0ffnL th'{df / pQm k|0ffnL cjnDag ug]{ z}lIfs /0fgLlt ljsf;sfnflu ;d'bfosf k|ltlglw, :yfgLo lzIffljå tyf a'l4lhjL, x'b} lzIffsf s]lGb|o :t/sf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?, /fhlglts bn / /fHo aLr a[xt 5nkmn / cGt/s[of jf6 ;a}sf] ;xdltdf :ki6 sfo{ of]hgf ;lxtsf] sfo{qmd th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog u/]/ lzIffsf] clwsf/ / b]z / ;dfhsf] cfjZostfnfO{ k'/f ug{ ;Sg] u'0f:t/sf] lzIffsf] ;'lglZrttfsf]nflu /fHon] cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+u ;dGjo ug'{ clt cfjZos 5 . 

King did not addressed

zfxL 3f]if0ffn] ;+af]wg gu/]sf ;jfnx?

Clifs]z kf08]

itsmehimalaya@gmail.com

r}q @$, @)^@ b]lvsf] cfd x8\tfn ;Fu} cl3 a9]sf] hgcfGbf]ngn] !^cf}+ lbg kf/ ul/;Sbf ;Dd cfˆgf]] u}/ lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ x7df b[9 /x]sf /fhfn] !^cf}+ lbgdf ;ft /fhg}lts bnx?sf] u7aGwgnfO{ km]/L Ps k6s k|wfg dGqLsf] cfjZostfsf] lj1fkg ydfP/ hg cfGbf]ngnfO{ dTy/ kfg]{ hdsf]{ u/]sf 5g\ . a}zfv * ut]sf] /fhfsf] ;+jf]wgnfO{ s]nfpbf /fhfjf6 ljBdfg ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] nflu vf;} kxn ePsf] gb]lvP klg /fhfn] ljutdf cfkm"n] uNtL u/]sf] s'/f hgtf ;dIf hfx]/ u/]sf 5g\ . ;ftbn tyf dfcf]jfbL / cfd hgtfsf] Go"gtd dfu nf]stGqTds u0ftgq . -8]df]s|]l6s l/kAnLs_ :yfkgfsf] nflu ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfjsf] 3f]if0fsf] dfu /fv]sf] ;Gb{edf /fhfn] s'l6n rfn ul/ cfkm"n] lnPsf] hgftfsf] gf;f] ''sfo{sf/L clwsf/ Æ ;ftbn jf6 l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] k|wfg dGqL dfkm{t hgtfdf g} lkmtf{ u5'{ eGg] 3f]if0ffn] cj an ;ftbnsf] lgoGq0fdf k'u]sf] cef; x'G5 . cj pk|fGt g]kfnsf] eljio cj jGg] cGtl/d ;/sf/ / pQm ;/sf/n] b/jf/nfO{ sqf] 3]/f leq lgolGqt ug{ ;S5 eGg] s'/fdf lglxt 5 . g]kfnL hgtf ;w} cfkm\g} g]tfx?n] sdfO{ /xg] v'§f b]lv em:sG5g\ . st} clxn] klg b/jf/ l5gf{;fy z]/ jxfb'/x? ;j} s'/f ;lRrPsf] 5 eGb} dVv kb}}{ ædf};'kmsf] x's'd, lgufx, / afx'nLÆ h:tf zAbsf] k5f8L s'k|Lg] x'g sL eg]/ g]kfnL hgtf t;]{sf 5g\ . o; k6s km]/L /fhf cfkm\gf] rfndf ;kmn eP eg] bnx?sf] cl:yTj hgtfn] g} ld6fO lbg] 5g\\ .

/fhfsf] ;Daf]wgn] k|d'v ?kdf ;ft kf6L{sf g]tfx?nfO{ nf]Eofpg] tkm{ eGbf cuf8L s]xL u/]sf] 5}g . x'g t /fhf :jod\n] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ff ug]{ xf]Og h;/L gu/kflnsf r'gfjsf] 3f]if0ff eof] . ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ff cGt/Ld ;/sf/n] ug'{k5{ t/ /fhfsf] 3f]if0ffdf o; af/] s]xL s'/f cfPsf] 5}g . /fhfsf] ;Daf]wgdf 5'6fpg} gx'g] ljifox? lyPM ;j} cf:yfsf aGbLx?nfO{ lg;t{ l/xf, cGtl/d ;/sf/sf] nflu cfJxfg, dfcf]jfbLnfO{ xltof/ la;fO{ d'n wf/df cfpg cfu|x, hgcfGbf]ngsf] qmddf 3fOt] ePsfx?sf] l;3| :jf:Yo nfesf] sfdgf, hgcfGbf]ngsf] qmddf zlxb x'g]x?sf] cfTdfsf] rL/ zflGtsf] sfdgf, hgcfGbf]ngdf ePsf] hgwgsf] Iflt k|lt Ifdf ofrgf tyf cGtl/d ;/sf/åf/f u/fOg] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg / pQm ;+ljwfg ;efn] tof/ u/]sf] ;+ljwfgn] lbPsf Go'gQd ;]jf, ;'ljwf / ;t{df -kl/wL leq_ g]kfnsf] ;Ddflgt / dof{lbt /fhf eO{ a:g dGh'/ ePsf] 3f]if0ff ;lxt hgtfnfO{ zfGt /lx cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf alga'tf]df nfuL /xg cg'/f]w . o:tf] ;Daf]wg /fhfaf6 lsg cfjZos lyof] eg] ljut !% dlxgfsf] cjlwdf ePsf aGb, x8\tfn, cfGbf]ng / hgwgsf] Iflt ;j} s'/fsf] lhDd]jf/L dGqL kl/ifb cWoIfsf] gftfn] :jod\ /fhfn] lng' kg]{ lyof] . t/ o;f] ePg . To;}n] hgtfx?n] cfh} cfGbf]ngnfO{ lj;fO{ xfNg' kg]{ l:ylt b]lv+b}g .

xfnsf] cj:yfdf ef/t / cd]l/sf /fhf s} kIfdf / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ljkIfdf b]lvPsf 5g\ . h; sf/0f /fhfsf] ;Daf]wg k|lt tTsfn ;dy{g hgfPsf 5g\ . o:tf] x'g'sf] k5f8L g]kfndf b]lvPsf] afdkGyL zlQm k|d'v sf/0f xf] . cd]l/sf Pp6f o:tf] b]z xf] h;sf] klxnf] zq' eg]sf] afdkGyL zlQm xf] . htL g} k|hftfGqLs ePklg sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x? cd]l/sfsf] nfuL ;}Xo x'Fb}gg\ . o;}u/L cfkm' wd{ lg/k]If /fi6« ePklg ljzfn hg;+Vof lxGb' ePsf] ef/tn] /fhfnfO{ h'g s'g} ?kdf -cGttM ;+j}wfgLs ePklg_ /flv/fVg / g]kfnfO{ lxGb' /fi6« agfO{ /fVg wd{sf] gfddf /fhgLlt ug]{ ef/tLo g]tfx? dfkm{t lbnf] Hofgn] nfUg] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf b/jf/sf] cuf8L dfq geO{ ef/t tyf cd]l/sfsf] cuf8L lgl/x k|f0fL h:t} x'g] xfd|f ;ftbnsf g]tfn] hgtfsf] kIfdf slt s7f]/ lg0f{o ug{ ;S5g\ pgLx?sf]nflu clxn]sf] ;do Pp6f r'gf}ltk"0f{ ;do xf] . o:tf] r'gf}lt v]Kg k6Ss} g;Sg] Hofb} sDhf]/ JolQm z]/axfb'/ b]pjf hf] k|wfg dGqLsf] kbdf ¥ofn r'xfO xfN5g\ tyf k|wfg dGqLsf] kb eg]kl5 d/]/klg ljpFlemg] lul/hf afa' b]lv g]kfnL hgtf Hofb} tl;{G5g\ . st} plgx? km]/L k|wfg dGqLsf] kb sf] vflt/ hgtfsf] alnbfgnfO{ df6f]df t ldnfpb}gg\ . ltgLx?sf] sDhf]/Lsf] kmfObf p7fpg ef/t / cd]l/sfsf] ;xof]udf b/af/n] e/k"/ k|of; ug]{ 5 . t/ cj b]z gt z]/axfb'/sf] 6n6'n] kf/fn] rN5 gt lul/hf afa'sf] ck|hftfGqLs k|hftGqn] rN5 . olb plgx? km]/L k|wfg dGqLsf] kb sf] vflt/ b/jf/ k;] eg] hgtfn] plgx?sf] cl:yTjnfO{ ;dfKt kfg]{ 5g\ . t;y{ ;j} g]tfx?n] of] dxfg hgcfGbf]ngaf6 nf]stGqfTds zf;g Joj:yf :yfkgf ug{sf] nflu s7f]/ lg0f{osf ;fy cl8s /xg' kg]{5 . tt\ kZrft dfq dfcf]jfbLnfO{ /fhgLlts d'nwf/df NofO{ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfj / ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 gofF ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf0f{ ;Dej 5 h;n] /fhf rflxg], grflxg], jf s'g kl/wLdf a:g] /fhf rflxg] eGg] s'/fsf] lgSof]{n ug]{5 . olx cfd g]kfnL hgtfsf] clxn]sf] rxfgf xf] .

International Criminal Court

cGt/fi6«Lo kmf}hbf/L cbfnt M nTofO{Psf] k|lta4tf

 Clifs]z kf08]

O{d]nM itsmehimalaya@gmail.com

>fj0f ! ut] dfO{tL3/ d08nfdf lbpF;f] rf/ ah] b]vL Ps 306f hlt ;do clwsf/sld{x?n] Kn]sf8{, Aofg/, krf{, kDkn]6 ;lxt pleP/ latfP . lt Aofg/, krf{, kDkn]6 tyf Kn]sf8{x?sf] d'Vo ;Gb]z lyof] g]kfn ;/sf/n] Ps jif{ cuf8L ->fj0f (, @)^# df_ cGt/fi6«Lo kmf}hbf/L cbfnt -/f]d ljwfg_ cg'df]bg ug{ Aoj:yfkLsf–;+;b af6 kfPsf] cfb]z / ;/sf/sf] k|lta4tfsf] :d/0f ;/sf/nfO{ u/fpg' . t/ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] la8Dagf s:tf], Aoj:yfkLsf–;+;bn] /f]d ljwfg cg'df]bg ug'{ k5{ elg Psdtn] kf; u/]/ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ /f]d ljwfgdf x:tfIf/ ul/ g]kfnnfO{ kIf /fi6« agfpg lgb]{zg lbP klg ;/sf/ o; kIfdf ;'';'Kt al;/xg'n] ;/sf/ jf:tjdf cem} nf]stflGqs x'g rflx/x]sf] 5}g eGg] :ki6 x'G5 . 

h"nfO{ ! b]vL & ;Dd ljleGg hgr]tgf a9fpg], x:tfIf/ ;+sng ug]{ / ;/sf/ tyf /fhg}lts kfl6{x?nfO{ cfkm"n] ljutdf u/]sf k|lta4tf ;+:d/0f u/fpFbf clwsf/sld{x?nfO{ nfUof] ;/sf/n] cGt/fi6«Lo kmf}hbf/L cbfntdf cfhef]nL g} x:tfIf/ ul/ o;sf] kIf /fi6« aGb}5 . t/ xfn;Dd klg o;f] ePsf] 5}g . >fj0f (, @)^# df ;/sf/nfO{ cGt/fi6«Lo kmf}hbf/L cbfnt cg'df]bg ug{ ;+;bn] lgb]{zg lbP klg ;/sf/n] xfn;Dd ;+;bnfO{ ;d]t 9fF6L/x]sf]df gful/s ;dfh tyf clwsf/sld{nfO{ 9fF6g' gf}nf] ePg .

/f]d ljwfg ulDe/ k|s[ltsf ck/fw -h:tf] g/;+xf/, dfgjtf lj?4sf] ck/fw, o'4 ck/fw tyf cfqmfdstfsf] ck/fw_ ug]{x?nfO{ b08Lt ub}{ To:tf ulDe/ ck/fwx? /f]syfd ul/ ck/fwLx?nfO{ plgx?n] u/]sf] ck/fw k|lt hjfkmb]xL agfO{ b08xLgtfsf] cGTo ug]{ p2]Zo af6 k|]l/t 5 . of] cGt/fi6«Lo :t/sf] klxnf] cGt/fi6«Lo :jtGq cbfnt xf] . /f]ddf ;g\ !((* df !@) b]zx?sf] a}7s af6 Pp6f :jtGq cbfntsf] cfjZostfsf af/]df 5nkmn ul/ cGt/fi6«Lo kmf}hbf/L cbfntsf] kl/sNkgf ul/of] / /f]d ljwfg !((* tof/ ul/of] . kl5 ;g\ @))@, h"nfO{ ! df j}wfgLs ?kdf ^) /fi6«x? o;sf kIf /fi6« eP kl5 /f]d ljwfgsf] cfwf/df of] cbfnt j}wfgLs ?kdf u7g eof] / sfof{Gjogdf cfof] . cGt/fi6«Lo kmf}hbf/L cbfnt :yfkgfsf] cfwf/ jf:tjdf Go"/]Dju{df gfhL ck/fwLx?nfO{ ;hfFo u/]kl5 / ?jfG8f / k"j{ o'uf]:nfeLofdf ePsf g/;+xf/sf bf]ifLx?nfO{ sf/jfxL ug'{kg]{ b]vLPkl5 eljiodf ;d]t dfgj lj?4sf ck/fw ug]{x?nfO{ GofoLs cË dfkm{t ;hfFo u/fpg cfjZos b]vLPsf]n] tof/ ePsf] xf] . of] cGt/fi6«Lo kmf}hbf/L cbfntdf hgj/L !, @))^ ;Dd !)$ kIf /fi6« e};s]sf 5g\ .

xfdL ;a}n] ef]u]sf] s'/f s] xf] eg] g]kfndf klg ljleGg dfgjtf lj?4sf ck/fw, o'4 ck/fw tyf cfqmd0fsf] ck/fw e}/x]sf 5g\ . t/ lt s'g} klg ck/fwLx? ;hfFosf] efuL ePsf 5}gg\ . To;}sf/0f klg g]kfndf b08xLgtf h/h/ ?kdf /x]sf] :ki6 5 . Toltdfq xf]Og åGå/t ;dodf, ljleGg k|sf/sf cfGbf]ngsf qmddf lbOg] r/d oftgfx? klg dfgjtf lj?4sf ck/fwx? x'g . /fhg}lts ?kdf zlQmdf a:g]x?n] zlQmsf] pGdfb af6 36fpg] cdfgljo 36gfx? / ck/fwx?sf] afah'b klg pgLx? ;hfFosf] efuLbf/ x'g g;Sg] cj:yf b]zdf /x]klg cGt/fi6«Lo rf;f]sf] sf/0f To:tf ck/fwLx?nfO{ cGt/fi6«Lo kmf}hbf/L cbfnt dfkm{t ;hfFo lbnfpg ;lsg] x'gfn] o; cbfntsf] cf}lrTo 7"nf] /x]sf] 5 .

bz jif]{ z;:q åGåsf 3fpx? k'l/g gkfpFb} t/fO{df ljleGg z;:q ;d'xx? b]vLg' / a]nfavtdf ck/fwLs ultljlw / 36gfx? 36\g', ;/sf/ jf u[xdGqLn] To:tf ;d'xnfO{ jftf{df af]nfpg] gfddf wDsLk"0f{ efiffsf] k|of]u ug'{ tyf sltko z;:q ;d'xn] g]kfnsf] ef}uf]nLs, wfld{s tyf ;fdfhLs–;f:s[lts ljljwtfdf /x]sf] ;lxi0f'tf / cfk;L ;b\efjnfO{ vNaNofpg] / ;fDk|bfoLstf e8\sfpg] k|s[ltsf u}/ lhDd]jf/k"0f{ efif0f jf aStAox? lbg' h:tf 36gfx?n] g]kfnsf] åGåsf] ?kfGt/0fdf 7"nf] r'gf}tL ljBdfg /x]sf] oyfy{ :ki6 x'G5 . cem /fhf jf /fhfjfbLx? af6 km]/L klg s' x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf ;a} nf]stflGqs zlQmx?n] b]vL/x]sf] kl/k]Ifdf lxhf]sf] h:tf] c;f]h !* / df3 !( km]/L klg bf]xf]/Lg ;S5g, hg cfGbf]ng–@ h:t} c? yk cfGbf]ng x'g ;S5g / hg cfGbf]ng–@ df eGbf a9L bdg x'g ;S5 . xfnsf nf]stflGqs zlQmx? e"ldut x'g ;S5g, hgtf 8/ qf;sf] e'd/Ldf kg{ ;S5g . o;/L x]bf{ jf:tjdf g]kfn åGå ?kfGt/0fsf] h6Ln df]8df plePsf] 5 . b]z z+s}z+sfn] el/Psf], ;+qmd0fsfndf /x]sf] / ;+qmd0fsfn nlDaO/x]sf] cj:yfdf 5 . o; ;Gbe{df klg g]kfnL hgtfsf] afFRg kfpg] clwsf/sf] ;'lgZrLttf / efjL ck/fwLx?nfO{ ;hfFo lbnfpg cGt/fi6«Lo kmf}hbf/L cbfntsf] ckl/xfo{tfnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] dgg ul/ o;sf] kIf /fi6« aGg' clt cfjZos 5 .

t/ ;/sf/ Ps jif{ b]vL o; sfo{df cuf8L a9\g ;s]sf] 5}g . k|d'v /fhg}lts bnsf g]tfx?, ;/sf/sf dGqLx? pN6} gful/s ;dfh / clwsf/sld{sf cu'jfx?nfO{ ;f]W5g\ lsg g]kfn cGt/fi6«Lo kmf}hbf/L cbfntsf] kIf /fi6« ePsf] 5}g elg . Pp6f gf6s, ;/sf/ tyf 7"nf /fhg}lts bnsf g]tfx?n] ;+w} dGrg ul//xG5g\ / hgtfnfO{ u'd/fxdf /fvL/fVg rfxG5g\ . jf:tjdf xfd|f g]tfx? slxNo} nf]stflGqs x'g rfx]gg\ . plgx?n] hgtfsf] elQmdf nfUg' kg]{ cfjZostf slxNo} b]v]gg\ . a? lgnDaLt /fhfs|} k'hf / ljb]zL zlQm /fi6«s} s7k"tnL aGg' eGbf k/ l;Gsf] ;Dd gefFRg] ;/sf/ tyf /fhg}lts bnn] h;/L @)$^ ;fnsf] kl/jt{gsf] b'?kof]u ub}{ g]kfndf z;:q åGå lgDTofP, km]/L klg hg cfGbf]ng–@ sf pknAwLsf] /Iff lo g]tfx? af6 xf]nf eGg] s'/f z+sfs} 3]/fdf 5 . jf:tjdf o:tf] lsg x'G5 < zfob ;/sf/ s'g} cb[Zo zlQm af6 ;+rfnLt 5 . To:tf] zlQm h"g ck/fwLs dfgl;stf / ultljlwdf tNnLg 5 . To;}n] t ;+;bsf] lgb]{zg dfGg ;/sf/ afWo b]vLb}g, gful?s ;dfhsf ;'emfj o;nfO{ kRb}g / 6]an d'lg af6 eP klg b/af/sf] k'hf ub{5 . cGt/fi6«Lo kmf}hbf/L cbfnt cg'df]bg ug{ klg ;/sf/n] clwsf/sld{x?nfO{ 9fF6L/x]sf] 5 . /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u nfO{ ;';'Kt kl/Psf] 5 . olb o:t} cfn6fn] k|s[lt /fvL/fVg] xf] eg] xfnsf] ;/sf/ / /fhg}lts bnn] hg cfGbf]ng–@ sf pknAwL u'd]sf] lbg lgDTofpg] 5g clg plgx? cfkm} / g]kfnL hgtf km]/L ToxL ck/fwLs ;d'xsf] ;/sf/sf hgtf aGg] 5g\ h;sf bf]ifLnfO{÷ck/fwLnfO{ sf/jfxL ug]{ x};Lot g t g]kfnL ;dfh ;+u x'g]5 g t o;df ljZj ;d'bfon] rf;f] b]vfpg] 5 .

xf] o:tf] kl/l:ytL cfpg glbg klg cGt/fi6«Lo kmf}hbf/L cbfnt cg'df]bg ul/ g]kfn kIf /fi6« aGg' clt cfjZos 5 . h;n] g]kfnL ;dfhdf dfgjLo ck/fw ug]{x?nfO{ cbfntsf] s73/fdf pEofpg ;Sg] 5 . ha b08lxgtf /lx/xG5 ta lk8Ltx?df cqmf]; k}bf x'G5, ;dfhdf ljb|f]x / ljljwvfn] åGå rs{G5 / d'n's cGof]n, c/fhstf / cl:y/tf tkm{ wslnG5 . o:tf] kl/l:ytL cfpg glbg / g]kfndf cuf8L a9L/x]sf] zflGt k|s[ofnfO{ k'0f{tf lbg, dfgj clwsf/sf] xgg ul/ h3Go ck/fw ug]{nfO{ b08 / ;hfFosf] efuLbf/ u/fpg cGt/fi6«Lo kmf}hbf/L cbfnt cg'df]bg ug}{ kg]{ b]vLG5 . ctM ;r]t gful/s, gful/s ;dfh, clwsf/sld{, ;+rf/ dfWodx? ;a}n] Ps :j/df ;/sf/nfO{ emsemsfpg' k/]sf] 5 h;n] ;/sf/nfO{ Ps jif{ klxn] cfkm}n] u/]sf] k|lta4tf k'/f ug{ k|]/Lt u/f];\ , Joj:yflksf–;+;bn] klg cfkm'n] Ps jif{ cuf8L ;/sf/nfO{ lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf] pknlAw jf/] ;/sf/ ;+u >fj0f ( ut]s} ;fO{tdf hgsf/L dfuf];\ .   

Holidays

kl/jlt{t g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df ljbfsf] Joj:yf

itsmehimalaya@gmail.com

labf clwsf/ xf]Og, of] t ;'ljwf xf] . g]kfn ax'eflifs, ax' ;fF:s[lts Pj+ ax'wfld{s b]z ePsf]n] xfn;Dd rlncfPsf -lxGb' wd{ ;:s[tL ;DaGwLt rf8kj{sf_ kj{ labfx?df cGo wd{ ;:s[tL;+u  ;DaGwLt rf8kj{x?sf labfx? yKb} hfg] xf] eg] ;+ejtM g]kfndf sfd ug'{kg]{ lbgx? b'n{e g} xf]nfg . ;du|df g]kfndf gofF jif{x? dfq} klg %–& j6f 5g\ . wd{ ;:s[lt cg';f/sf rf8kj{ t cgluGtL g} 5g . x/]s lbg s'g} g s'g} wd{ ;d'bfo jf hftL ljz]ifsf] ljz]if rf8 k/]s} x'G5 . o:tf] kl/l:ytLdf b]zdf ljbf Joj:yf clt g} ;f]r k'–ofP/ to ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . gofF jif{sf] cfudg ;+u} gofF kfqf] lgdf{0f b'|t ultdf e} /x] klg ljbfsf] ;Gbe{df xfn;Dd vf;} jx; ePsf] gkfOPsf]n] o; n]v dfkm{t ljbf ;DalGw jx; rnf]; / pko"St k4lt cg';f/ gofF g]kfndf ljbf Joj:yf xf];\ eGg] dgzfo n] of] n]v tof/ kf/]s]f x'F .

gofF aif{sf] cfudg ;+u;+u} gofF g]kfndf ljljw s'/fdf kl/jt{g cfjZos b]lvG5 . oxL lznlznfdf g]kfndf ljutsf jif{x?df lbOb} cfPsf labfx?df klg kl/jt{g ug'{ h?/L 5 . xfn gofF jif{sf] kfqf] k|sfzgsf] sfo{ cuf8L al9/x]sfn] cfpFbf] aif{df  ljbfsf] af/]df ;/sf/n] ;a}eGbf klxn] dlGq kl/ifbsf] a}7saf6 :ki6 ?kdf gofF g]kfndf x'g] ljbf Joj:yf ;fj{hgLs ug'{ clt cfjZos 5 . x'gt xfn} dfq dlGq kl/ifbn] ljleGg wd{ ;:s[lt dfGg] hgtfnfO{ ltlgx?;+u ;DalGwt rf8kj{df ljbf lbg] lg0f{o ul/;s]sf] 5 t/ lt ljbfx? TotL :ki6 / k|ofKt cyjf Jofjxfl/s b]lvb}gg\ .

;/sf/sf] lg0f{oaf6 lqmZrLogx?nfO{ lqm;d;df, O:nfdx?nfO{ Ob tyf js/ Obdf, t/fO{ hghftL -yf?_ nfO{ df3Ldf / 3f]8]hfqf, OGb|hfqf tyf ufO{hfqfdf sf7df08f}|df ljbf lbg] eGg] lg0f{o cg'lrt 5}g . t/ To:tf ljbf cfkm}df k|ofKt 5}gg\ . h:tf] sf7df08f}| aflx/ klg k|z:t g]jf/ ;d'bfo ePsf] x'gfn] / ufO{hfqf, OGb|hfqf h:tf kj{df plgx?nfO{ klg pQm ljbf rfxLg] x'g;Sg] x'gfn] o;df k"g{ljrf/ ug'{ cfa:os b]lvG5 . o;sf cltl/St sltko wd{ ;:s[ltsf JolQmnfO{ ljBdfg bz}+ ltxf/sf] ljbf cfjZos gx'g klg ;S5 . To;}n] lt kj{df ;a}n] ljbf lng'k5{ eGg] dfGotf klg /lx/xg' Tolt plrt b]lvb}g . ctM oxfF lgDgfg';f/ @ k|sf/sf ljbf k|:tfj u/]sf] 5' .

·        /fli6«o ljbf

/fli6«o ljbfsf] ;Gbe{df b]zn] dfgL cfPsf] ;do cg';f/sf] gofF jif{ lbj;, ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf0f{ e};s]kl5 ;+ljwfg lbj;, nf]stGq lbj;, zlxb lbj; cfbL h:tf gofF g]kfnsf]] ;[hgf ug{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf ultljlwx? ePsf] lbgnfO{ /fli6«o ljbfsf] ?kdf dfGg'k5{ / Tof] lbg /fli6«o ljbfsf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ . lt ljbfx? /fli6«o :t/df g} ;Gbe{ cg';f/sf pT;j tyf ljljw sfo{s|d ul/ dgfpg] kl/kf6L a:g' cfjZos 5 . o:tf /fli6«o kj{x?df ljz]iftM x/]s gful/sn] :j:km"t{ ?kdf ;xefuL x'g] jftfj/0f ePdf dfq o:tf kj{sf] dxTj /xG5 / lt afx]ssf ;a} kj{ ljbfx?nfO{ ;a}If]qsf >lds, sd{rf/Lx?n] cfkm\gf] wd{, ;:s[lt, OR5f / cfjZostf cg';f/ lng ;lsg] agfpg' ckl/xfo{ 5 . h;n] ljbfsf] ;xL ;b'kof]u dfq ge} sfof{no tyf Jofj;foLs k|lti7fgdf x'g] sfo{x? lgodLt x'g ;S5g .

 

·        kj{ ljbf

>lds tyf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ k|bfg ul/g] ljbfsf] lznlznfdf kj{ ljbfnfO{ v'Nnf ?kdf 5f]l8g'k5{ cyf{t sd{rf/Lx?n] cfkm\gf] hftLotfsf] cfwf/df cfkm"n] h'g wd{ dfGg] xf] Tof] wd{ cg';f/sf] r8kj{df rfx]sf] a]nfdf ljbf lng kfpg'k5{ . h:t}+ lxGb' wd{ dfGg]n] bz}+df ljbf lng kfpg'k5{ eg] c? wd{ dfGg]n] cfkm\gf] wd{ ;:s[lt cg';f/sf] rf8kj{df kfos÷cfjZos kg]{ a]nfdf ljbf lng kfpg' kg]{ ul/ kj{ ljbfnfO{ v'Nnf 5f]l8g'k5{ . o:tf] Joj:yf nfu' ePdf sfof{nox? tyf Jofj;foLs k|lti7fgx? klg zlgjf/ afx]s ;a} rf8kj{df nfdf] ;do;Dd aGb ug'{kg]{ cj:yf cfpg] 5}g . ;/sf/L, u}/ ;/sf/L, z}lIfs, ljlQo cfbL x/]s If]qdf of] Joj:yf nfu' ePdf b]zsf] ;Dk"0f{ :t/sf sfof{nox?af6 hgtfn] h'g;'s} a]nf klg ;]jf lng ;Sg]5g . o:tf ljbfx? l:js[tL ug]{ clwsf/ x/]s sfof{nosf sfof{no k|d'vnfO{ lbO{ x/]s >lds tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ aflif{s?kdf ;dfg ;do kj{ ljbfsf] ?kdf cfcfkm\gf] wd{, rf8kj{, OR5f / cfjZostf cg';f/ ljbf lng ;Sg] Joj:yf ug{ ;s]df clt g} pko"St x'g]5 . o;sf cltl/St c:tJo:t z}lIfs If]qnfO{ ;lx dfu{df Nofpg :ki6 z}lIfs kfqf] / z}IfLs k|lt:7fg tyf ;d'bfonfO{ lbOg] ljbfx? klg :ki6 tf]sLg' cfjZos x'G5 . ljz]iful/ dfyL elgP h:tf] ljbf -:j]lR5s ljbf_ z}lIfs If]qdf Tolt Jofjxf/Ls gx'g ;S5 h'g s'/fsf] af/]df klg ljrf/ k'–ofpg' cfjZos 5 .

Political Impasse

ulx/L+bf] /fhg}lts ;+s6 / u}x| lhDd]jf/ ;/sf/  

Clifs]z kf08]

pk k|fWofks, ljsf; cWoog

 kf]v/f ljZj ljBfno

Ps xKtf 7Kk ePsf] g]kfn lj:tf/} v'Nb} u/]sf] ePklg t'?Gt lgsf;sf] ;+efjgf b]lvPsf] 5}g . ljsf;sf] efiffdf ut xKtf nfO{ x/fPsf] xKtf -ni6 ljs_ eGbf pko"Qm x'G5 . To;f] t uPsf] jif{ @)^^ cfFkm}df Pp6f ni6 O{o/ eof] g]kfnsf] ;du| O{ltxf;df lsgsL ut jif{ b]lv ;/sf/ c;kmn, ;+ljwfg;ef c;kmn, jhf/ cg'udg c;kmn, cfGbf]ngx? c;kmn t/ ck/fwx? ;kmn, dxFuL ;kmn, / e|i6frf/ ;kmn /x] . Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLn] cfJxfg u/]sf] cfd x8tfn, h;nfO{ Pg]skf dfcf]jfbL t]>f] hgcfGbf]ng elg/x]sf] ePklg cfGbf]ngsf ljklIfx? dfcf]jfbLsf] ;Qf :jfy{ eGb} 5g\ . cfGbf]ngnfO{ h] pkdf lbP klg uPsf] xKtf g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] nflu x/fPsf] xKtf x'g k'Uof] . cfGbf]ngsf/L / o;sf ljklIfx? ;xdltsf] gfddf x/]slbg ;+j]bglxg eP/ c;xdt x'gs}nflu ;xdt ePsf 5g\ . lbg k|ltlbg cfGbf]ng le8Gt tkm{ pGd'v b]lvG5 . dfcf]jfbLn] cfd x8tfn :yug u/]klg cfGbf]ng hf/L /x]sf] jtfO{ /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;d]t ;/sf/n] sfgdf t]n xfn]/ j;]sf] cj:yf 5 h'g ljut Ps jif{ cyf{t of] ;/sf/sf] :yfkgf b]lvs} lbg rof{ xf] . ;8sdf pln{Psf] hg;fu/ nfO{ ;/sf/L cfFvfn] g]kfnL hgtf xf]O{gg\ lt t dfcf]jfbL x'g elg/x]sf] 5 . ;Qfdf 8f8' kGo' lnP/ j;]kl5 b]znfO{ clg0f{osf] jlGb jgfpg' dfgj clwsf/sf kIfjf6 x]bf{ cfGbf]ng/t kIfsf] eGbf ;/sf/sf] 7"nf] uNtL x'G5 . t/ ;/sf/ of] ;Tos'/f dfGg tof/ 5}g . o;f] x'g'sf] Pp6} sf/0f ;/sf/ UoFª\:6/ h:t} u}/ lhDd]jf/ b]lvG5 .

g]kfnsf] /fhlgltdf /fhg]tf pbfPgg\  slxNo} . ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgsf] cg'udgsf] nfdf];do sf] cjnf]sgdf kfPsf] oyfy{nfO{ ;fdfGo ?kdf x]bf{ s'g} /fhg}lts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf gful/sn] dfcf]jflbsf sfo{stf v/fj, Pdfn] sf g]tf v/fj / sfªu|];sf b'j} v/fj eGg] u/]sf] cleJolQm ;fob ;To xf] . bf]>f] hg cfGbf]ng kZrft u/LPsf] cWoogdf hgtfn] eg] cg'?ksf] r/Lq /fhg}lts bnn] gb]vfPsf] sf/0f of] cfj:yf cfPsf] b]lvG5 . t/ o; k6ssf] cfGbf]ng df dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ t'ngfTds ?kdf w]/} cg'zflzt b]lvP eg] o"y kmf];{ jf cGo /fhg}lts bnjf6 3'ifk}7 ePsf] oyf{y ljefhLt gfu/Ls ;dfh sf] ;ef kl5 sf] l:ytLn] ;d]t :ki6 kf/]sf] b]vLof] . o; qmddf g]kfnL s+u|];n] dfcf]jfbL / Pdfn] nfO{ le8fO{ kmfO{bf p7fpg] bfp u/]h:tf] 5 b]lvP klg of] g]kfnL s+u|];nfO{ ;:tf] j]/fxf ;fljt x'g ;S5 . xfnsf] dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;/sf/n] pQm kf6L{n] u/]sf] !) jif]{ ;z:q o'4 / p;sf] zflGt k|s[ofdf cfpg /fv]sf] klxnf] ;t{ ;+ljwfg;ef lgjfr{g / To; dfkm{t gofF ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0fsf] nfO{ cnu /fv]/ x]gf{n] klg ;d:of hl6ntf tkm{ pGd'v ePsf] 5 .

;+/rgfut lje]b / åGå g]kfnL ;dfhdf sof+} jif{ klxn] b]vL bljP/ /x]sf]n]g} b]z lj=;+= @)%@ ;fn b]vLsf] ;z:q åGådf km;]sf] oyfy{ nfO{ ;j}n] l:jsfg{' k5{ . s]lGb|s[t /fHo k|0ffnLn] l;dfGts[t agfPsf] 7"nf] hg;+Vof ljif]zu/L bnLt, hghftL jf dlxnf ePsf]n] clt tNnf] bhf{sf] gful/ssf] dfGotf lbOPsf] cj:yfdf dfcf]jfbLn] g} ltlgx?nfO{ ;r]t jgfof] . ljutsf s'g}klg ;/sf/n] ljBdfg ;fdflhs, cfly{s, tyf ;f+:s[lts / /fhg}lts If]qsf ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;+af]wg gubf{ åGå a9\g uPsf] lyof] . cem cfkm"nfO{ bnLt, hghftL, jf dlxnf ePsf] gftfn] xf]; jf, lxdfnL, kxf8L jf dw]zL ePsf] gftfn] xf]; cyjf ul/j ePsf] gftfn] xf];\ jf ;'b'/ klZrd, s0ff{nL, jf cGo s'g} b'u{d, cljsl;t If]qsf] af;LGbf ePsf] gftfn] xf]; /fHon] u/]sf] lt/:sf/ / ;dfhn] u/]sf] lje]bsf] lj?4df To:tf ;a}vfn] lje]bsf] cGTosf] cfzf ubf{ / @)$^ ;fn kl5sf] ;/sf/n] lt d'4fx?nfO{ ;lx?kdf ;+af]wg ug{ g;Sbf g]kfndf ;z:q åGå ;'? ePsf] uyfy{ /fhg}lts kf6L{x?n] l56\6} ljl;{Psf 5g\ / xfn hf/L cfGbf]ng klg ToxL ;z:q åGån] k'/f ug{ g;s]sf d'2fx?sf] zflGtk"0f{ jf6f]jf6 k|fKt ug]{ dfWod jgfPsf] 5 dfcf]jfbLn] eGbf cTo'lQm gxf]nf tyfkL dfu /fd|f x'G5g t/ dfcf]jfbL n] kof{Kt ulNt klg u/]sf] 5 ;z:q åGå kZrft klg h;n] ubf{ ;j} vfn] hgtfsf] k'0f{ ;fy kfO{/x]sf] b]lvb}g .

åGå zlQmsf] c;dfg ljt/0f jf kx'Fr sf] c;dfgtfn] >[hgf u/\g] x'gfn] xfnsf] åGå klg o;} ;]/f]km]/f]df b]lvG5 . g]kfnL hgtfn] a'em]s]f k|hftGq eg]sf] ;dfgtf, :jtGqtf / :jflwgtf x'g\ . t/ lo s'/fx?sf] j'emfO{ JolQm cg';f/ km/s k5{g lsgsL of] s'/fsf] lgwf{/0f JolQm k|efljt ePsf] :s'n ckm y6 jf6 lgwf{/Lt x'G5 . ctM jfd kGyL / blIf0f klGy jLr ljrf/ km/s x'g' cgf}7f] xf]O{g . t/ g]kfndf jfd kGyLx? ljrd} ;f]rfO{df cGt/ cfpg' dfS;{n] eg]em} plgx?n] ef]u]sf] ef}lts ;'ljwf -d6]/Lon slG8;g_ xf] . o;sf] cy{ Pdfn] n] t'ngfTds ?kdf j9L ;Qfsf] /; vfPsf]n] dfcf]jfbL nfO{ pu| jfd kGyL eG5 eg] dfcf]jfbLsf] cfFvfdf Pdfn] jfd kGyL kf6L{g} xf]O{g . o:tf] cj:yfdf g]kfnL sf+u|];n] Pdfn]nfO{ k|of]u ug]{ df}sf kfPsf]n] o;sf] e/k'/ kmfO{bf p7fpFb} 5 . ;j} nfO{ yfxf ePs} xf] bf]>f] hgcfGbf]ng kZrft klg g]kfnL sf+u|]; / g]skf Pdfn] ;+j}wflgs /fhtGqsf kIfw/ b]lvPsf lyP . tTsfnsf] hg ljb|f]x 6fg{ t ;+ljwfg ;efn] /fhtGq kmfNof], t/ xfnsf] l:ytL nlDjP kl/0ffd eofjx x'g ;S5 .

cem @)$^ kl5 sf] 3[0fLt /fhlgtL b]vL g]kfnL hgtf jfSs eP/ z]/ jxfb'/sf] ;/sf/nfO{ tTsfnLg /fhf 1fg]Gb|n] jvf:t u/]kl5 g]kfnL sf+u|]; / g]skf Pdfn] n] u/]sf cfGbf]ngdf emG8} @ jif{ ;Dd hgtfn] ;fy glbPsf] / ltlgx?n] hgtf ;fd' xfdL cj ;'lw|G5f}, xfdLnfO{ ;fy lbg'xf]; eg]kl5 dfq bf]>f] hg cfGbf]ng ;Dej ePsf] s'/f olt l56\6} e'n]/ xfnsf] ;/sf/n] hgtf d?g jf jfr'g t/ ;Qf 5f]8\lbg eGg' / cfGbf]ng :yug xF'bf ;d]t /fhLgfdf u/L /fhg]tfsf] rl/q b]vfpg g;Sg' nfO{ ;/sf/ ;d:of ;dfwfg k|lt pbfl;g 5 eGbf ulNt gxf]nf .     

ufF;, afF;, / skf;sf] ;'lgZrLttf, ljrf/ / cleJoQmLsf] :jtGqtf tyf ;/sf/ kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf hgtfdf x'g' g} nf]stGq xf] elg hgtfn] a'em]sf] / bn / o;sf g]tfn] km]/L o;nfO{ unt ?kdf k|of]u ub}{ åGå rsf{pb} u/]sf] l:ylt xfn b]zdf 5 . hgtfn] vf]h]sf]] ;dfgtf, :jtGqtf, cfwf/e"t cfjZostfsf] ;'lgZrLttf h:tf cfwf/e"t tTjx? ;+ljwfgdf tyf /fhg}lts k|ltj4tfdf ;d]t klg kg{ g;Sg] cj:yf cfPsf] j]nf ;/sf/n] /fhLgfdf klg glbg' / ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ klg g;Sg', cfGbf]ngsf] sf/0f n] /fhLgfdf gu/] klg b]zdf zflGt :yfkgf, dxFuL lgoGq0f, e|i6frf/ lgoGq0f / ck/fw lgoGq0f h:tf sfo{df c;kmn /x]sf] / dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;fd]n u/fO{ ;+ljwfg lgdf0f ug{ g;s]sf]n] tyf /fxbfgL sf08df cbfnt jf6 ulNt u/]sf] 7xbg{ ;d]t xfnsf] ;/sf/n] g}ltstfsf] cfwf/df /fhLgfdf lbg ldN5 h:tf] s6jfn sf08 df k|r08n] /fhLgfdf u/] .

h;/L @)$& kl5 g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;Qfl;g x'Fbf sDo'lgi6 lj/f]wL bdgsf/L gLlt lnof] / g]skf Pdfn] n] k|efjsf/L ?kdf k|ltkIfsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ g;Sbf b]zn] ;z:q åGå y]Ug' k/\of], xfnsf] cj:yf Tot} tkm{ pGd'v b]lvG5 . ;a} /fhgLlts kf6L{x?nfO{ ;d]6\g] k|of; gu/L /fHoaf6 pk]Iff ul/g', a}rfl/s cf:yfsf] cfwf/df e]befj ul/g', / tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL z]/ axfb'/sf] ;/sf/n] dfcf]jfbLsf $) ;'qLo dfunfO{ lemgf dl;gf kfl6{x?n] eGb} u5{g\ eGg] cleJolQm lbO{ åGå ;'? ug{ dfcf]jfbL nfO{ k|]/Lt u/LP ;/x xfnsf] ;/sf/ u}x| lhDd]jf/ jGb}5 . /fHo rnfPsf lhDd]jf/ dlGqx?n] dfcf]jfbL cfGbf]ng nfO{ x'/L jtf; / jiff{n] j9f5{, cfGbf]ngsf/L yfs]/ kms{G5g\ eGg] h:tf u}x| lhDd]jf/ cleJolQm lbg' / cfGbf]ng b]vL efu]/ /flt ltg jh] l;+xb/jf/ k'Ug' sbfkL /fHon] b]vfpg] lhDd]j/L x'g ;St}gg\ . 

cem h;/L )$^ sf] kl/jt{g kl5 g]tfx? / ;/sf/n] b]z / hgtfnfO{ eGbf kf6L{, JolQm / u'6nfO{ Wofg lbP hgtfsf] cd"No dt sf] cjx]ngf u/L cfkm\gf] :jfy{k"lt{sf] nflu nfuLk/] Tof] l:ytL km]/L b]lvg yfn]sf] 5 . o; cj:yfdf klg g]kfnL sf+u|]; / g]skf Pdfn] xfn j9L k|efjsf/L ?kdf lhDd]jf/ x'g' k5{ lsgsL lolgx?nfO{ hgtfn] o; cl3 Ps k6s dfkm u/L;s]sf 5g\ h'g k6s k6s ;Dej gxf]nf . cem egf} b]zsf] ;d:ofnfO{ cfkm\gf] ;d:of ge} c? s;}sf] ;d:of xf] elg sfFu|];n] ædfcf]jfbL a9]df g]skf Pdfn]nfO{ 3f6f x'G5 jf Pdfn]sf dtbftf 36\5g / sf+u]|;nfO{ c;/ ub}{g eGb} v';L dgfpg], g]skf Pdfn]n] ædfcf]jfbL hgr]tgf j[l4n] sDo"lgi6 zlQm a9\5g / sf+u]|;nfO{ g} j]kmfObf x'G5, sDo"lgi6 lj/f]wL zlQm 36\b5g eGb} v';L dgfpg] / b/af/ tyf k"j{ k~rx? æof] jx'bnsf] c;kmntf xf] h'g clt r/d cj:yfdf k'u]kl5 hgtf jx'bnaf6 lbSs x'G5g\ / lg/+s'; /fhtGq nfb\g ;lhnf] x'G5æ eGb} v'l; dgfpbf ;z:q åGå rs]{sf] oyfy{ lj;]{/ g]tfx? ljif]ztM g]kfnL sfFu|];n] Pdfn]sf] sfFwdf r9L dfcf]jfbLnfO{ zflGt k|s[of jf6 e8\sfpg vf]Hg' Hob} vt/gfs v]n xf] . jf:tjdf xfnsf] kl/jt{gsf] nflu dfcf]jfbLsf] of]ubfg sfFu|]; jf Pdfn] sf] eGbf sd 5}g / dfcf]jfbL ljgf gt ;+ljwfg ;+ej 5 g t zflGt k|s[of lgZsif{df k'U5 . a? ;z:q åGå jf6 zflGt k|s[ofdf cfPsf]n] dfcf]jfbL xft :jtM dfyL x'G5 h'g åGåsf] zflGtk"0f{ ?kfGt/0fsf] ;j{dfGo l;4fGt xf] . sfFu|]; jf Pdfn] dfyL x'g dfcf]jfbL nfO{ ;}Go sf/jfxL dfkm{t 3'8f 6]sfPsf] cj:yfdf dfq ;+ej lyof] . ctM xfnsf] ;+s6 ;dfwfgsf] nflu ;/sf/n] ulDe/ ?kdf ;f]Rg' kg]{ b]lvG5 .