Rishikesh Pandey Climate Change and Society: Social-Ecological Implication and Adaptation Response in Kaligandaki Basin, Nepali Himalaya

Climate Change and Society: Social-Ecological Implication and Adaptation Response in Kaligandaki Basin, Nepali Himalaya

Rishikesh Pandey

Remittance le banche ko desh ka Mantri ra Sachib ko yesto Rawaf?

Nepal lai yo halat ma puryaune haru lai karbhai gara sakchhas bhane! (punish present and past politicians even after their death!) DV hos wa PR bharne ko pachhi lagera kehi bishesh hunewala chaina.

Civil Servant's performance DV wa PR bharekai karan le bigriyeko hundai haina. Professionalism nabhayera bigriyeko ho. Make them professional at first so they work even at the last minute of their contract period though they might fly abroad immediately. 'Work and performance' are ethics! And nationality does not lie in 'citizenship certificate.' It lie in heart, wherever you go. How a minister can say 'they are not Nepali to those who apply/get DV and PR? DV hos wa PR  wa labor migration abroad, the goal is Economic and the remittance would come back because not all of the VD/PR holder taking their family.
Think family in Nepalese context (parents-grandparents-in-laws, neighbour, ... a big kin and social network)!
Dherai khoknu bhanda DV ra PR prati lalayit huna naparne 'Nepal' banaune tira lagda ramro hunchha Chief Secretary and Minister. Can they ensure the livelihoods of all citizen at least minimum National Standard? They cannot! What a shameful to see their level of thinking being at the top of state affairs. Wake up and think positively!
World is made of migrants! Migrants are the excellent performer because they struggle and attached to 'Status'. You minister and secretary better learn from those Nepali who are abroad!

Rishikesh Pandey Welfare State Foundation for New Nepal

…sNof0fsf/L /fHo Joj:yfM gofF g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] cfwf/Ú

—ClÈs]z kf08]

                Email: itsmehimalaya@gmail.com

aiff{}+ b]lv zflGt zAb hKbf hKbf, /ft lbg cys ?kdf cfGbf]ng ubf{ ubf{, hgcfGbf]ng @ df @% hgf g]kfnLn] kl/jt{gsf]nflu cfkm\gf] k|f0fsf] cfx'tL lb+bf, xhf/f}+ g]kfnLsf] /utn] ;8s, uNnLx? /+lu+bf, nfvf}+ g]kfnLn] uug e]bL gf/f nufpFbf g]kfndf kl/jt{g cfof] . Pp6f /fhg}lts kl/jt{g, zflGt tkm{sf] klxnf] v'6\lsnf] . xf] g]kfnL hgtfn] hgcfGbf]ng @ kl5 s]xL zflGtsf] cg'ej ug{ kfpFbf gkfpFb} t/fO{ hNg yfNof], kxf8 pDng yfNof] . lo hnfO{ / pDnfO{x?df olb slx+ st} /fi6«lxt lj?4sf] :jfy{ n's]sf 5}gg\ eg] lolgx? ;dfj]zLs/0f, :jklxrfg / clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttfsf]nflu ePsf yk cfGbf]ng x'g\ g} . hgtfn] nf]stflGqs ;/sf/ :yfkgf ePsf] Ps jif{ leq}df ;+ljefg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] cfzf u/]sf ePklg ;/sf/n] hgcfGbf]ng @ sf] ;kmntfsf] eG8} 8]9 jif{ kl5 cfufdL d+l;/df ;+ljefg;efsf] lgjf{rg u/fpg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 / lgjf{rg cfof]u o; dxfgsfo{sf] ce'tk"j{ ;kmntfsf]nflu h'6L ;s]sf] 5 . clzIff, cGofo / ul/jLsf] rk]6fdf lklN;Psf] g]kfnL ;dfhn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg s'g?kdf ljutsf lgjf{rg eGbf km/s 5 / o;n] s] lbG5 eGg] ;DjGwdf :ki6 e};s]sf 5}gg\ . cfzf u/f}+ lgjf{rg cfof]u, /fhg}lts kf6L{x? tyf gfu/Ls ;dfh / clwsf/jfbL ;+3 ;:yfx?sf] ;+o'Qm / cxf]/fqsf] v6fO{n] hgtf o;jf/]df l5§} ;'z'lrt x'g]5g\ .

;+ljwfg;efn] vfgf, gfgf, / 5fgf lb+b}g t/ ;+ljwfg;efn] vfgf, gfgf, / 5fgfsf] clwsf/ lbG5 . o;n] ;8s, k'n, ljh'nL / gx/ lb+b}g t/ ljsfzsf] clwsf/ lbG5 . To:t} ;+ljwfg;efn] ljBfno tyf :j:Yos]Gb| lb+b}g, t/ lzIff / :j:Yosf] clwsf/ lbG5 . ;+ljwfg;efn] hUuf hdLg klg lb+b}g t/ e"dLsf] clwsf/ lbG5 eGg] h:tf jfSo+z eg]/ ef]s, /f]u / clzIffn] lk8Lt hgtfnfO{ a'emfpg Tolt ;lhnf] 5}g . hgtfnfO{ t lo ;a} If]qdf tTsfn /fxtsf] cfjZoStf 5 . hgtf o:tf ljleGg ;]jf ;'ljwfx?sf] cefjd} ?dNnL/xg' k¥of] eg] k|lts[ofjbLsf] axsfpdf nfUg] x'G5g\ jf clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug]{ gfddf s'g} ;z:q ;d'xdf ;fd]n x'g]5g\ . ctM /fHon] ;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t gofF ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgdf{0fsf] k|s[of ;+u ;+u} b]zsf] bL3{sfnLg of]hgfnfO{ ;dofj4 ?kdf b]z slxn] s'g :t/df k'Ug]5 / To; :t/df k'Ug s] s:tf /0flgtLx? cjnDjg u/Lg] 5 eGg] jf/]df a[xt u[xsfo{ u/L bL3{sfnLg of]hgf lgdf0f{ u/L ;f]xL cg'?k cuf8L a9\g' kg]{ cfjZostf 5 / To:tf] of]hgf sNof0fsf/L /fHo :yfkgfsf] vflt/ x'g' kb{5 .  

jt{dfg kl/l:yltdf ljleGg ;d'xn] ;+rfng u/]sf lx+;fTds ultljlwx? jf6 hgtfnfO{ t6:y /fVg klg /fHon] sNof0fsf/L /fHo Joj:yf sf] lglt lng' cfjZos 5 . ;/sf/sf k6s k6s zflGtjftf{sf] cfJxfg ubf{ klg zflGtjftf{ jf6 lgsf; lgsfNg sltko lab|f]xL ;+u7gx?n] grfxg' / ;/sf/n] lab|f]xL nfO{ ?kfGt/0f ug]{ k|of; ug'{sf] abnf wlDssf] efiff k|of]u ug'{ tyf zlQm k|ofu u/L lab|f]xLnfO{ bafpg] dgl:ytL agfpg' nfO{ z'e ;+s]tsf] ?kdf lng ;lsb}g . zflGtjftf{ jf6 lgsf; lgsfNg grfxg]x? ;d'xnfO{ ;/sf/n] n] xf]O{g hgtfn] dfq ;S5g\ . To;}n]  ;/sf/n] hg sNof0fsf] /0flglt cjnDjg ub}{ hgefjgf cg';f/sf] nf]stflGqs k4lt jf6 /fHo ;+rfng u/]df zflGt tkm{sf] uf/]6f] km/flsn] x'g]5 . g]kfnsf] jt{dfg ;d:of o:tf] cj:yfdf k'lu;s]sf] 5 ls ;a} lt/sf c;xdltsf :j/x?nfO{ l;+uf] /fi6« lgdf{0fsf] d'nwf©df Nofpg] sfo{ Psf–Ps x'g ;St}g . s}of}+ k':tf b]lv lt/:s[tx?nfO{ d'nwf/df Nofpg, bzs nfdf] ;z:q åGå lauf/]–eTs]sf ;fdflhs, cfly{s, tyf /fhg}lts ;+/rgfx?sf] k'gMlg{df{0f ug{≤ ljif]z u/L @)$^ ;fnsf] kl/jt{g kl5 ;+:yfut ePsf] s'zf;g, e|i6frf/, clVtof/ b'?kof]u, gftfjfb—s[kfjfbnfO{ pN6\ofpg nfdf] ;do nfU5 g} . ctM jt{dfg ;/sf/n] ;a} g]kfnLn] ;Ddfg kfpg] sNof0fsf/L /fHosf] :yfkgfsf] k|s[of cuf8L a9fPdf ;a} gfu/Lssf ;a} vfn] clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf x'g]5 / clwsf/sf] nflu xfn e}/x]sf lab|f]xsf] cf}lrTo ;dfKt x'g]5 . xfn g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ jf:tjdf To:tf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;+oGqsf] cfjZostf 5 h;n] hgtfsf ;a} vfn] clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf u/f]; . To;}n] sNof0fsf/L /fHodf hgtfsf ;a} vfn] clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf x'g]x'Fbf gofF g]kfnsf] :yfkgf sNof0fsf/L /fHo Joj:yf jf6 dfq ;+ej 5 .

sNof0fsf/L /fHosf] :yfkgf u/L ljBdfg ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf /fhg}lts zlQmsf] c;dfg ljt/0fnfO{ ;Gt'ngdf Nofpg ;/sf/n] Pp6f /fli6«o cf}Ètsf] hLjg:t/ lgwf{/0f u/L ;f] eGbf tNnf]:t/sf gful/ssf] hLjg:t/ p7fpg k|ToIf ;sf/fTds x:tIf]ksf] lglt lng' cfjZos 5 . r':t ;/sf/L ;+oGq / zzQm ;fdflhs ;'/Iff Joj:yfsf] :yfkgf / nfu' jf6 sNof0fsf/L /fHoJoj:yfsf] :yfkgftkm{ cuf8L a9\g ;lsG5 . sNof0fsf/L /fHoJoj:yfdf g]tfn] geO{ kl/kf6L jf ;+oGqn] zf;g ug]{ x'gfn] o;n] hgtfnfO{ ;'zf;g / ;fdflhs ;'/Iff lbG5 . o:tf] k|sf/sf] zf;g k4ltn] ;a} g]kfnLsf] ljgf ;fdfhLs, cfly{s, n}lËs, ef}uf]nLs tyf hftLo lje]b ;a}sf] ;a} k|sf/sf clwsf/sf] ;'/Iff ug]{ 5 . tj ;flRrs} clwsf/ k|flKtsf]nflu ePsf lab|f]xx? la:tf/} ;]nfpg] 5g\ eg] s;}sf] lglxt :jfy{sf]nflu ul/Psf syLt lab|f]xx?sf] klxrfg x'g]5 / /fHonfO{ To:tf :jfy{ lgxLt JolQm jf ;d'xx?nfO{ ?kfGt/0f ug{ ;3fp k'Ug]5 .

sNof0fsf/L /fHoJoj:yfsf] ;'?jftsf]nfuL jt{dfg ;/sf/ ;a}eGbf /fd«f] ljsNk x'g ;S5 lsgsL Ps t ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg / ;+ljwfg;ef dfkmt{ gofF ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f Pp6f nfdf] / r/0fj4 k|s[of xf] h;n] hgtfnfO{ t'?Gt} kl/jt{g lbg ;St}g . csf]{ tkm{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg / ;+ljwfg;ef dfkmt{ gofF ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f kl5 aGg] ;/sf/n] xfnsf] ;/sf/n] h:t} cGt/fli6«o ;xof]u / ;dy{g kfpFg] 5 eGg] lglZrttf 5}g . ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg kl5 olb jfdklGyx?sf] ax'dtdf ;+ljwfg;ef / ;/sf/ ag]df sNof0fsf/L /fHo Joj:yfg} :yfkgf ug]{ / nf]stflGqs ;/sf/ ePklg g]kfnsf] e"–/fhg}lts l:ylt / ljZj kl/j]zn] jfdkGyL zlQmnfO{ ;sf/fTds cfFvfn] kSs} x]g]{ 5}g . cd]l/sf, ljZjsf] slyt ;'k/kfj/ Pp6f o:tf] b]z xf] hf] sDo"lgi6 zAb jf6} t;{G5 . o;n] sDo"lgi6x¿NffO{ h/} b]lv lgvf{g rfxG5 en} cd]l/sL /fhlgtL1 efif0fdf To;f] geg'g\ . csf]{ lt/ klZrdL o"/f]k tyf hfkfg -klxnf] ljZj_ hf] cfnf]rgf ub}{ jf gu/L cd]/LsL lgltsf] ;dy{g g} u5{g\ . To;}n] klxnf] ljZj h"g sNof0fsf/L /fHosf ;kmn pbfx/0f x'g\, ltlgx? ToxL sNof0fsf/L /fHo Joj:yfnfO{ jfdklGy zlQmn] g]kfndf k|of]u÷nfu" ug{ vf]h] klg x[bo vf]n]/ ;xof]u ug]{ 5}gg\ . klxnf] ljZj g} d'Vo bftf ePsf] kl/k]|Iodf olb jt{{dfg ;/sf/n] sNof0fsf/L /fHosf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ cfTd;ft u/L gofF g]kfn agfpg] k|0f u5{ eg] g]kfnsf] d'xf/ l5§} jblng ;S5 . ctM sNof0fsf/L /fHosf] :yfkgfsf] nflu o'usf] dfu ;Dem]/ ;a}n] pbfx/l0fo Tofu ug}{ k5{ . Tofu lgnDjLt /fhfn] ug'{ k5{, ;/sf/n] ug'{ k5{, tyf g]tf tyf /fhg}tLs kf6L{x¿n] ug'{ k5{ . cltul/a hgtfnfO{ /fli6«o dfkb08sf] hLjglgjf{xsfnflu ;/sf/n] lhDd]jf/L lng'k5{ . sNof0fsf/L /fHodf cltu/Lax¿ x'Fb}gg\ . lhjg:t/ / lhjgofkgdf wgL–u/La © zf;s–zfl;t ju{ 5'l§b}gg\ . o:tf] ;a}n] cfTd ;Ddfg kfpg] ;dfhdf ljb|f]x xF'b}g h'g ;sf/fTds zflGtsf] Pp6f gd'gf x'g]5 .

sNof0fsf/L /fHodf x/]s gfu/Lssf] ljlzi6 klxrfgsf] nflu ;fdflhs ;'/Iff gDa/ lbOPsf] x'G5 -o:tf] ljlzZ6 gDa/sf] lgwf{/0fsf] jf/]df csf]{ n]vdf rrf{ u/f}+nf_ . clg /fHon] pQm gDa/sf] gfu/Ls sxfF a:5 < s] u5{ < cfly{s cj:yf s:tf] 5 < g}ltstf s:tf] 5 < eGg] h:tf s'/fsf] hfgsf/L /fVb5 . o;} hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/df x/]s gfu/Lssf] /fHo k|ltsf] lhDd]jf/L tyf /fHosf] o;sf gful/s k|ltsf] lhDd]jf/L :ki6 x'G5 / ;f]xL cg';f/sf] lhDd]jf/L lgjf{x ug{ ;Dej x'G5 klg . ha /fHo ;+u x/]s gfu/Lssf] ja/]df oy]i6 hfgsf/L x'G5 To;kl5 rl/qdf bfu nfu]sf JolQmnfO{ lghfdlt, k|x/L, ;}lgs tyf ;a}vfn] ;]jf k|j]zdf /f]s nufpg tyf ;]jfdf /x]sf JolQm ePdf eljiodf ;]jf k|j]zdf cof]Uo 7x/fO{ lg:sf;g ug{ ;S5 . o; ;fdfhLs ;'/Iff gDj/n] ;a}sf] ;DklQ / g}ltstf kf/blz{ jgfpg] xF'bf Psftkm{ jf:tljs e"ldlxg tyf clt ul/jx?sf] klxrfg x'G5 / /fHonfO{ To:tf gfu/Ls nfO{ ;sf/fTds lje]b u/L plgx?nfO{ dfgljo hLjg hLpg of]Uo agfpg ;Dej x'G5 eg] csf]{ tkm{ sfg'gL /fHosf] :yfkgf ug{ ;lhnf] x'G5 . o:tf] ;';f;g / kf/blz{tfn] klxnf] ljZjn] g]kfnsf] cfly{s pGgltsf nfuL dg vf]n]/ ;xof]u ug]{5g\ . To;}n] xfn ;/sf/df ;fd]n /fhg}lts bn, ;/sf/, tyf sd{rf/L Pj+ Gofokflnsfn] e|i6frf/sf] lj/f]w / sfg"gL /fHo rfxG5g\ eg], dfcf]jfbL ;lxtsf /fhg}lts bn ;a} hgtfsf nfuL n8]sf x'g\ eg], tyf xfnsf cfGbf]ng/t ljleGg bn tyf ;d'xn] hgtfsf] clwsf/, ;DdfgLt lhjg / klxrfgsf] nflu ljleGg k|sf/sf cfGbf]ng u/]sf x'g eg] sNof0fsf/L /fHosf] :yfkgfsf] nflu ;a}n] ;Qfdf]x Tofu]/ nf]stflGqs eO{ cuf8L a9|g' g]kfnsf] jt{dfg cj:yfsf] cfjZostf xf] . o;sf cltl/Qm /fhfnfO{ lt/:s[t /fhf kb eGbf ;Ddflgt Joj;foL eO{ ;'/IfLt x'g' /fd|f] nfU5 eg] c:j:Yo /fhlgtL lt/ gtflgO{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf ljgf x:tIf]k g]kfnL gfu/Ls nfO{ cfkm\gf] eljZo sf]g{df ;xof]u ug'{ pko"Qm x'g]5 .  

Rishikesh Pandey Identity Politics

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klxrfg zAb ;+ejtM kl5Nnf] g]kfnL /fhlgtLs j[Qdf ;a}eGbf a9L /l6Psf] t/ ;a}eGbf sd a'lemPsf] zAb xf] . jf:tjdf stf stf klxrfgnfO{ klxrfgsf] /fhlgtL ug]{n] g} oft a'em]sf 5}gg\ cyjf sn';Lt rfxgfn] c?nfO{ -ga'em]sfnfO{_ a'empg rfxL/x]sf 5}gg\ h:tf] nfU5 . t/ o; a/]df s]lx n]lvxfn] klg s;n] 5fkLb]nf < s;n] kl9b]nf < cem s;nfO{ dg knf{ / d]/f] ljrf/ hasL g]kfnL ;dfhdf ;j}sf cf cfkm|g} /+u ldn]sf n]vs / kf7s 5g\ . To;df klg cr]n cfP/ n]v k9\g] jf gk9\g] clg dg k/fpg] of dg gk/fpg] eGg] s'/f n]vssf] hft, wd{, ln+u, If]q, /fhg}lts ljrf/wf/f, cem u'6df e/kg]{ x'gfn] klg lt ofjt If]qdf st}klg cfkm\gf] klxrfg jgfpg g;s]sf] d]/f] ljrf/ k|sfzg ug{ k|sfzg u[xnfO{ v} s] n] pTk|]/Lt unf{ < To:t} kf7snfO{ lsg k9\g dg nfUnf < eGg] s'/f dgdf v]nfpb} dgdf nfu]sf] s'/f cleJoQmLsf] :jtGqtf 5Fb} 5, k|sf;g u[xn] k|sfzg of]Uo gb]v] s] eof] t km];a'sdf xfnLlbPkl5 nfO{s, l8:nfO{s jf z]o/ / sd]G6 cfO{xfNnfg eg]/ eg]/ n]Vb} 5' . tkfO{nfO{ lrQ ga'em] lrQ ga'em]sf] s'/fdf ax; ug]{ / km/s ljrf/ cleJoQm ug]{ tkfO{sf] klg clwsf/ 5Fb}5 . TkfO{ klg cl3 a9\g'; . g]kfnL ;dfhdf :j3f]lift ljåfg cyjf ks]6sf ljZn]ifsnfO{ ax;sf]nflu kof{Kt ;do 5 eGg] s'/f km];a's, l6\j6/, Anu, tyf kqklqsf / cgnfO{g ld8Lofdf 5fpg] ax;jfhx?Jff6 :ki6 x'G5 g} . wGo 5 ;'rgf k|ljlwsf] ljsfznfO{, b'O{ 5fs vfg gk'u] klg, ;f}rfno agfpg g;s] klg, sfddf 5l/tf] ePgelg xfsLdsf] ufnL vfg' k/]klg, dx+uf] df]jfO{n lsGg, dfk;] df e'Ng, clg cy{xLg ax; ug{ ;do, >f]t / ;fwg kof{Kt ePs} 5 . To;}n] of] n]vnfO{ klg olx cy{xLg ax;sf] yk >[+vnfsf] ?kdf lng'xf]nf .

klxrfgsf] lsg / s;sfnflu eGbf st} kf7sx? kIf ljkIfdf kf] jfF8LG5g\ sL eGg] efg ljut b'O{ dlxgfsf] /fhg}lts kl/a]zn] b]vfPs} 5 . csf]{lt/ klxrfgnfO{ lsg olt ;fF3'/f] u/fO{Psf] xf]nf eGg] s'/f Psn} ljZn]if0f ubf{ /fhlgtLdf h;n] cfkm\gf] klxrfgsf] lIflthnfO{ 6f9f ;Dd km}nfpg] Ifdtf /fVb}g p;n] cfFkm'nfO{ ;fF3'/f] 3]/fdfg} l;dLt u5{ eGg] oyfy{ e6\6fP . ljZj /fhlgtL x]bf{ :ki6 xF'bf] /x]5 of] ;Tos'/f xf] eGg] . ;Sg]n] ljZjdf zf;g u/]sf 5g\, g;Sg]n] cl:yTj vf]h]sf 5g\, klxrfg vf]h]sf 5g\ . xfdLsxfF klg klxrfg nfO{ olt ;fF3'/f] ?kdf lnO{bf Tolx c;Ifdtf nfO{ k|df0fLt ug{ xf] sL eGg] ;+sf nfU5 . t/ o;f] eGbf klxrfgjfbLx? d dfyL vlgPnfg klg . t/ g]kfnL /fhlgtLn] o:t} b]vfPsf] 5 .

jf:tjdf xfn ljBdfg s'g}klg /fhg}lts bnx? Jf c? KlxrfgjbLx?n] jf:tjdf klxrfg vf]h] h:tf] nfu]g . klxrfg vfHg]n] ;Qf / zlQm vf]h]sf] / To;} jf6 klxrfg jG5 eg]sf] b]Vbf klxrfgjfbL lj4fgx?sf] lj4tf k|lt s7} eGg dg nfU5 . clg plgx?sf] hgtfnfO{ klxrfg af/] :ki6 s'/f /fv]/ l:ytLnfO{ ;xh agfpg'sf] abnf dRrfpg] / e8|sfpg] v]n b]Vbf stf stf dg b'V5 klg  lsgsL t klxrfgsf] /fhlgtL ug]{x?t sxlnPsf lj4fgx?, ;dfh kl/jt{gsf ;Dafxsx? Kff] 5g t . /fhg}lts bndf t s;}nfO{ klxrfg rfxLP h:tf] nfu]g lsgsL Ps t ltgLx? cfFkm} s'g} klxrfgn] cuf8L a9]sf 5}gg\ . csf{] s'/f cfkm\gf] bn 7'nf] x'Fbf klxrfgsf] ;'lglzrttfsf] lhDd]j/L af]Sg'kg]{ x'gfn] 6'qm6'qmL aGb}5g\ .

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klxrfg jf:tjdf Ps kf6f]dfq ePsf] l;Ssf xf]O{g . t/ o;nfO{ xfdL dfem Pskf6] ?kdf k|:t't u/]/ Pskf6] ;lSsf h:t} sfd gnfUg] agfOPsf] 5 . h;/L clwsf/ st{Jo ;Fu hf]8LP/ cfpF5, To;}u/L klxrfg l:jsfo{tf ;Fu 5'l§P/ /xg ;St}g . o;sf] cy{, klxrfg rfxg]n] Ps t cfFkm'nfO{ l:jsf/ of]Uo agfpg' k5{ csf]{ csf{sf] klxrfgnfO{ l:jsf/ ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . l:jsfo{tf ljifout tYo xf] en} klxrfg a:t'ut / ljifout b'a} x'g ;S5 . klxrfg / l:jsfo{tf JolQm tyf ;dfhx? jLrsf] nfdf] ;dosf] ;x;DaGw, cGt/s[of, ;xsfo{ / cfbfg k|bfg jf6 cfpF5 . ;dfh / dflg;sf] Joaxf/nfO{ cfsf/ lbg]sfo{ kmnfdnfO{ ttfP/ lk6] h:tf] xf]O{g . To;}n] s;}n] dnfO{ l:jsf/ u/ eGb}df s;}n] l:jsf/ ub}{g . j? cfFkm' s:tf] eP c?sf]nflu l:jsfo{ xf]nf eGg] s'/f klxrfg vf]Hg] n] a'em\g' kg]{ s'/f xf] . g]kfnL ;dfhdf lj:tf/} l:jsfo{tf ;lxtsf] klxrfgn] :yfg agfO{ /x]sf] cj:yfdf l:jsfo{tf /lxtsf] klxrfgsf] /6fgn] ePsf] klxrfg / l:jsfo{tf ;d]t u'Dg] lbzflt/ pb\wt 5 .

g]kfnL /fhlgtLdf klxrfgnfO{ j:t'ut ?kdf k|j]z u/fO{Psf] 5 . gfd sf] /fhlgtL ul/Psf] 5 . xfd|f] klxrfgsf] cfGbf]ng t Pp6f zflns eTsfP/ csf]{ 78\ofpg], ljutdf g/fd|f] jf cJojxf/Ls eg]/ 5f8LPsf s'/fnfO{ k'gM kR5\ofpg] lglh{j klxrfg lt/ pb\wt 5 . cem eGbf xfd|f] klxrfgsf] cfGbf]ng t k|ltzf]wsf cfGbf]ng h:tf] 5 . xf] gful/sn] gful/stf kfpg' k5{ t/ gful/stf k"0f{ klxrfg xf]O{g . klxrfg t Tof] xf] h'g gful/stf lbO{PsfnfO{ /fHon] gful/ssf] ?kdf l:jsf/ u/f]; . ef]s n] d/]sf, jf9Ldf au]sf, a]/fhuf/Ldf lklN;Psf, /f]un] 56\k6fO{ /x]sf hgtfnfO{ /fHon] u/]sf] lt/:sf/ jf6 :ki6 x'G5 /fHon] xfdLnfO{ gfu/Lstf t lbPsf] 5 t/ gful/s l:jsf/ u/]sf] 5}g lsgeg] gful/s gful/s dfq x'G5 p;sf] 7"nf] ;fgf] bhf{ x'Fb}g . xfdL t /fHon] l:jsf/ gu/L lbO{Psf sfuhnfO{ klxrfg eGb} ;fF3'/f] 3]/f leqsf] klxrfgnfO{ 7"n} ;+em]/ ;dfhdf klg To:t} gfdsf] klxrfg vf]Hb} 5f}+ . /fd|f] ædÆ To;}n] d oxfF, clg g/fd|f] ætFÆ To;}n] tF ToxfF eGg] vfnsf] klxrfgnfO{ k|fydLstfsf;fy axzdf NofO{Psf] 5 . t]/f afp afh] n] xfd|f afp jfh] nfO{ zf]if0fu/]sf lyP/] cj ls t}n] ;a} lt/ ls cj zf]if0f ug]{ kfnf] xfd|f] eGg] vfnsf]   cy{xLg axz rnfP/ klxrfgnfO{ ;fF3'/f] kl/Psf] b]Vbf nfU5 klxrfg s] xf] / s;sfnflu xf] eGg]s'/f :ki6 ePsf] 5}g\ . t/ xfd|f ;dfhzfl:q egfpbfx?n] a'em]/ klg a'emkrfO{/x]sf 5g\ . ;dfhdf ;xLs'/f /fVg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ .

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Rishikesh Pandey Meaningless Discourse of Federalism

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g]kfnL zAbsf]ifn] cy{xLg zAbnfO{ s;/L kl/efifLt u5{ To;df d cgle1 5' . t/ d]/f] a'emfO{df cy{xLg eg]sf] cy{ glbn] ge} lgrf]8df gk'uLg]  cj:yf xf] . xf], g]kfnsf /fhg}lts bnsf] h'6fO{, km'6fO{, 3'Sof{O{, w|'ljs/0f, u'6jGbL, alx:sf/, l:jsf/, lt/:sf/, clg u}x|lhDd]jf/Lkg ;a}sf] :ki6 ;Gb]z eg]sf] ;+l3otf s'g} klg /fhg}lts bnsf] leqL rfxgf xf]Og To;}n] of] s]an cy{xLg ax; dfq xf] .

;+l3otf cy{xLg ax; lsg xf] eg] of] ax;df g]kfnL hgtf ;xefuL ePsf] b]lvb}g . cfZro{ gdfGg';\ . tkfO{nfO{ nfUnf hgtf lsg ;xefuL 5}gg\ eGg] . t/ d}n] of] ax;df g]kfnL hgtf b]lvg . Jf:tljs s'/f g]kfndf gt gful/s ;dfh 5, gt dtbftf 5g\ . hgtf st} 5g\ eg] ;';'Kt 5g\, cfkm|gf] alga'tf] u/]sf 5g\, ltgnfO{ ;+l3otfsf] pQ]hgfn] 5f]Psf] 5}g, hgtfsf] lhjLsf]kfh{gsf] ;'lgZrttf geP;Dd ltgnfO{ /fhg}lts bn tyf ltgsf sfo{stf{n] dRrfpb}df / e8\sfpb}df dlRrO{ xfNg] / e8\lsO{xfNg] km';{b klg 5}g\ . t/ s]jn /fhg}lts bnsf sfo{stf{ hf] ;a} zf;s aGg] bfpdf 5g, ltlgx?g} slxn] hgtf t slxn] gful/s ;dfh / slxn] ahf/ ;d]t ePsf] clego u5{g\ . oL ax'?kL snfsf/x?n] cfFkm' /fHo eP/ klg /fHo ePsf] e]p gkfpFbf x]b}{ / ;'Gb} nfh nfUg] kf/fn] aGb, x8\tfn u5{g . cF+km} dfu t]:of{p5g\, cfFkm} jftf{ u5{g / cfFkm} dfu k"/f ePsf] gf6s u5{g\ . t/ a:tjdf ltgn] gt s]lx kfPsf 5g\ gt dfUg 5f8]sf 5g\ . ltgx?nfO{ yfxf 5 ls ltgLx?n] s]xL kfpg] klg 5}gg\ lsgsL kfpgsf] nflu jgfO{Psf] /fHosf] esf/L ltlgx?s} n'5fr'+8Ln] l/lQPsf] 5 / esf/L eg{ bfFt jf6 kl;gf lg:sg] u/L sfd ug]{ cfF6 ltlgx?sf] 5}g . clg t dfu / k"lt{ jLr Ps k|sf/sf] cd"t{ cj:yfsf] >[hgf ePsf] 5, cfFkm}n] dfUg klg g5f]8\g], lbg klg g;Sg], p2]Zolxg, cfjZoStflxg, k|of]ulxg dfu / cGof]n g} cGof]n leq d8f/LPsf], gt 5]p ePsf] gt 6'Kkf] e]6Lg] k"lt{ . Log} k|ultsf] jfws h/fnfO{ dnhn u/L/xg], j}slNks ;f]rfO{df ljsf]{ nufPsfx?sf] em'08jf6 ;+l3otfsf] cfzf ug'{ s]jn cfsf;sf] kmn cfFvf t/L d/ eGbf km/s x'g ;Snf / <

g]kfndf ;+l3otf lsg eGg] k|Zgdf ;fob} s'g} /fhg}lts bn :ki6 xf]nfg\ . dfcf]jfbLnfO{ z;:q åGådf of]4fx? egf{ ug{, sfFu]|; / Pdfn]nfO{ ;+l3otf dfcf]jfbLsf] jGb's] zlQmnfO{ lg:t]h kfg{, dw]zL / hghftLnfO{ ;+l3otf >f]t ;fwgdfly clwkTo hdfpg cem vfF6L zAbdf eGbf >f]t ;fwgdfly xfnLd'xfnL ug{ -plgx?s} zAbdf @$) aif{sf] ef]sf] k]6 eg]{ u/L vfg lsgsL g]kfndf hlt nfdf] ;do ef]sf] a;] ltgn] Tolt 5f]6f] ;dod} nfdf] ;do vfg]n] eGbf w]/} vfPsf 5g\_ ;+l3otf rlxPsf] 5 . o;}u/L bnx?sf s]lGb|o :t/sf g]tfnfO{ cfkm\gf lhNnf tyf c~rn :t/sf k|lt:yfkg k':tfsf g]tfnfO{ nf]lnkk lbO{ e'nfP/ s]Gb|df cfkm\gf] :yfg ;'/lIft ug{, clg lhNnf tyf c~rn :t/sf g]tfnfO{ s]Gb|df k'Ug] cfkm\gf] x}l;ot gePsf] k'li6 ug{ ;+l3otf rflxPsf] 5 . ljut @) aif{sf] 7"nf egfpbf /fhg}lts bnsf] g]t[TjnfO{ ljZn]if0f u/f}+ t slt g]tf km]/LP < jf:tjdf sf]lx km]l/Psf] 5}g . 7"nf] kb rfxg]x? km'6]sf 5g\ t/ dfp kl6L{nfO{ gofF g]t[Tj lbg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . r'gfj lht] klg ltg}, xf/] klg ltg}, ltgLx?g} lglj{sNk g]tf, lsgsL ltgLx? cGoq ljSb}gg\, kl;gfsf] sdfO{ vfg] Ifdtf /fVb}gg\ ltlgx? Clg /fhg}lts bn eg]sf] ltlgx?sf] k'Vof}{ln ;DklQ, /fHo eg]sf] ltlgx?sf] Psdfq 5f]/L ePsf] ;z'/fnL . clg o:t} /fhg}lts bnx? jf6 ;+l3otf sf] cfzf s;n] u/]sf] 5 < ;+l3otf t ltg} bnsf xg'dfgx?sf] dfuL vfg] efF8f] dfq xf] . ;'zf;g / ljs]lGb|s/0fsf] ;jf]{Qd\ k4lt xf] ;+l3otf . Of] ;'zf;g / ljs]lGb|s/0fnfO{ gt JolQmdf gt bndf nfu' ug]{ bnx?sf g]tfn] e'Sb}df cfpFb}g . To;}n] ;+l3otf g]kfnL /fhlgtLsf cy{xLg ax; xf] .

jf:tjdf xfn ljBdfg s'g}klg bnx?n] ;+l3otf rfx+b}gg\ . t/ ltlgx?n] cfh} To;f] eGg] zfx; klg /fVb}gg\ . ca eg] ;+l3otf rflxb}g eGgsf]nflu jftfj/0f ;xh jGb} uPsf] b]lvG5 . sfFu|]; / Pdfn]nfO{ ;+l3otf slxNo} rflxPsf] lyPg . g t ltlgx?nfO{ ;+ljwfg;efg} rflxPsf] lyof] . dfcf]jfbLsf] ;+l3otf / ;+ljwfg;efsf] Ph]08f g;dfP sfFu|]; / Pdfn]sf] @)$& b]lv @)^# ;Ddsf] 3[l0ft /fhlgtLsf] sf/0f bnsf] cl:yTjg} ;+s6df kg]{ b]lv jfWotfj; ;+l3otf / ;+ljwfg;efsf] Ph]08f lnP/ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf hfg'k/]sf] oyfy{s'/f dfs'g]x?n] ;+ljwfg;ef 3fF8f] x'G5 eg]/ klxNo} eg]sf] / k|lbk g]kfnx?n] ;+l3otfg} rflx+b}g eg]sf] s'/f ld8Lofdf cfO{;s]jf6 :ki6 x'G5 . o;} ;Gbe{df hgtfn] sfFu|]; / Pdfn]sf] @)$& b]lv @)^# ;Ddsf] 3[l0ft /fhgLtLsf] lj?4df dfcf]jfbLnfO{ 5fg] . t/ dfcf]jfbLn] cfFkm}n] ;f]r]eGbf 7"nf] bnsf] x}l;ot kfpFbf o;nfO{ 7"nf] e|d eof] ls hgtf ;a} dfcf]jbL eP ca dfcf]jfbLn] h] u/]klg x'G5 . t/ hj cfFkm} 3/jf/] eof] tj dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;d:of eof] ls cfFkm}n] grfx]sf] lhDd]jf/L cfO{nfUof] h'g nfdf] ;do ;/sf/df /xg' plrt xf]O{g eGg] lgisif{sf ;fy ljt08fx? ;'? eP . clg pQ/ cfw'lgs rf+8SolgtL :j?k ;Qfjf6 jflx/Lg] pkfosf] vf]hL eof] . To;}n] bf]>f] hgcfGbf]ng kl5 ltgj6f ;'/Iff lgsfosf k|d'vx? sf/jfxLdf kbf{ ;d]t ;'/lIft /flvPsf s6'jfnnfO{ rnfP/ ;Qfjf6 jflx/Lg] h'lQm km'/\of] dfcf]jfbLnfO{ . clg ;Qfjf6 jfxLl/Pkl5 z;:q o'4 / lgjf{rgsf] ;dodf u/]sf afrfx? k'/fug{ gkg]{ eof] . o;sf ;fy} z;:q o'4sf] ;dodf kf6L{df x'lnPsf clwsf+z cg}lts wGbfjfnnfO{ ;'wfg{ klg ;Dej lyPg clg nfdf] ;do 7"nf] bnsf] x}l;otdf /xg' klg plrt gx'g] b]lv ;xdltd} klxn] dft[sfx? clg clxn] j}Bx? 5'l§P . ca kf6L{ ;fgf] ePkl5 ;+l3otf ;'lglZrt ug'{ kg]{ lhDd]jf/L jf6 klg 5'6\sf/f ldNof] . To:t} ;+l3otfsf] ;jfndf dw]zL bnsf] emg} a'lem g;Sg' s'// 5g\ . ltgLx?nfO{ slxNo} s0ff{nL b'v]sf] 5}g, gt b'v]sf] 5 d':tfª, dgfª jf tfKn]h'ª . ltgLx?nfO{ 5f]Pg slxNo} dWoklZrd kxf8sf] ef]sd/L]n], r]kfªsf] ul/jLn], kxf8df ef]sn] d/]sf nf;x?n] cyjf ;]lt glbsf] a]df};dL jf9Ln] . ltgLx?sf] s]jn cGg e08f/dfyL clwkTo hdfpg] rfxgfn] k|]/Lt, g]kfn g/x] klg dw]z rflxPsf] :j/ / dw]zd} dw]zL blnt / dw]zL hghftLsf] cl:yTj dfyL p7\g g;Sg] u/L zf;g ug{ ;lsg] dw]z rflxPsf] h:tf] gf/fsf] sf/0fn] ltlgx?nfO{ klg ;+l3otf cfjZos gePsf] :ki6 x'G5 . t/ ltgLx? ;d]t ;+l3otf cfjZos 5}g eGg ;Sg] cj:yfdf gePsf]n] hlt ;Sbf] w]/} 6'qmf x'g]u/L kf6L{ kmf]/f}+ elg /x]sf] 5g\ . clg ;a} 6'qm] 6fqm] /fhlgtL ug]{x?jf6 ;+l3otf ;+ej 5}g . To;}n] ;+l3otf cy{xLg jxzdf l;dLt ePsf] 5 .

Rishikesh Pandey Nepalese Emotions

g]kfnu~h b]vL uf}/ x'Fb} slknj:t' 36gfM g]kfnL ;+j]u dfyL] v]njf8

—ClÈs]z kf08]

                Email: itsmehimalaya@gmail.com

ut jif{ k'if !) ut] ;b\efjgf kfl6{ -cfgGbL b]jL_ n] cfJxfg u/]sf] dw]z aGb ;Fu–;Fu} ;lNsPsf] dw]zsf] cfuf] cem} lge]sf] 5}g . ljut ( dlxgf -g]kfnu~h b]vL uf}/ / sf7df08f} x'Fb} slknj:t' cfO{k'Ubf_ sf 36gfnfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{ :jefjsf] lx;fan] g]kfnL klxrfgnfO{ cYof{pg jf kl/eflift ug{ ufx|f] b]vLG5 . lsgls of] cjlw leq g]kfndf ;fDk|bfoLs ;b\efj vnaNofpg] tyf o;nfO{ dha't kfg]{ b'a} k|sf/sf k|ofKt k|of; ePsf 5g\ . k~rfotL /fli6«otfn] l;sfPsf] g]kfnL :jefj æx6\g] xf]Og 86L n8\g] g]kfnLsf] afgL x'G5, slxn] gem"Sg] lz/ plePsf] :jfledfgL g]kfnL x'G5Æ nfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{ g]kfnL cfqmfds / o'4 k|]dL x'G5g eGg] ;Gb]z lbg vf]h]sf] b]vLG5 . jf:tjdf k~rfotL /fli6«otfn] g]kfnLnfO{ ha/h:tL o'4 k|]dL jf cfqmfds agfPsf] lyof] . g]kfnLnfO{ hlxn] hf] ;+u klg n8L xfNg] ju{, cfkm"n] hlt g} uNtL u/] klg jf h:tf] ck/fw u/] klg lz/ lgx'/fpg' gkg]{ Pp6f h/h/ :jefjsf] klxrfg k~rfotn] lbPsf] lyof] .

o;} ;Gbe{df g]kfnL ;z:q åGåsf] dWo ;do lt/ ;z:q åGåsf] ljZn]if0f ub}{ Ps hgf cg';Gwftfn] g]kfnLsf] lx+;f k|]d tyf o'4k|]d jf egf}+ cfqmfds :jefjnfO{ o'4sf] sf/0f elg ljb]zdf k|:t't u/]sf lyP . lhTg]x?n] n]v]sf] g]kfnL Oltxf;df klg g]kfnLsf] klxrfgnfO{ v's'/L / o'4 ;+u hf]8]/ k|:t't ug]{ u/LG5 . xhf/f}+ jf6 5flgPsf] xfnsf] /fli6«ot ufgn] klg æjL/Æ tyf æ/utÆ zAb nfO{ ToUg ;s]g . cem hgcfGbf]ng @ sf] ;kmntf kZrft cem egf} g]kfnu~h b]vL uf}/ x'Fb} slknj:t' ;Dd cfO{k'Ubf g]kfnLn] b]vfPsf] Jojxf/ jf egf} g]knL e"lddf 36]sf 36gfx? s]nfpFbf o'4 k|]d g} g]kfnL klxrfg xf ls eGg] efg kg'{ cgf}7f] klg xf]Og . o;f]eP s] xfdL g]kfnL ;flRr o'4 k|]dL xf}+ t< eGg] af/]df ;f]Rg' kg]{ jf jf:tljs g]kfnL klxrfg s] xf] eGg] jf/]df ljrf/ ug'{ kg]{ b]lvG5 .

d}n] a'em]sf] g]kfnL klxrfg o'4k|]dL jf cfqmfds :jefjsf g]kfnL eGg] xf]O{g . olb g]kfnL jf:tjd} o'4 k|]dL ePsf eP !) jif]{ ;z:q åGåsf] ;dodf g]kfndf !$ xhf/ xf]Og !$ nfv dflg; dg{ ;Sg] lyP . g]kfnu~h b]vL uf}/ x'Fb} slknj:t' ;Dd k'Ubf yk nfvf}+ hgtfn] Hofg u'dfpg] lyP . jf:tjdf g]kfn o'uf} b]vL] ;+/rgfTds åGå / Ps bzs eGbf nfdf] ;do b]vL z;:q åGåsf] e'd/Ldf ?dNnLP klg ljZjsf cGo åGåu|:t b]zdf ePsf laWj+z / dfgljo IfltnfO{ x]g]{xf] eg] g]kfnL hgtf jf:tjd} o'4k|]dL jf cfqmfds :jefjsf ge} ;+odLt, w}o{jfg / zflGtk|]dL x'g eGg] :ki6 x'G5 . km]/L olb g]kfnL ;+odLt, w}o{jfg / zflGt k|]dL x'g eGg lsg g]kfndf g]kfnu~h, uf}/, / slknj:t' h:tf 36gf 36\5g < of] Pp6f hl6n ;jfn xf] .

lnlvt Oltxf; / k~rfotn] o'4 k|]dL / cfqmfds jgfPsf] eP klg lj ;+= @)$^ sf] k|hftflGqs kl/jt{g / ljut !) jif{ b]lvsf] cfGtl/s o'4 / /fhg}lts pyn–k'yn n] g]kfnL klxrfg jbn]sf] 5 . cr]n g]kfnLdf efjgfTds ;+j]u a9]sf] 5 h;n] g]kfndf ;do ;dodf cgk]lR5t ljt08f dRrLg] u/]sf 5g eg] g]kfnL efjgfdf cf3ft k'/\ofP/ g]kfndf ljt08f dRrfpg rfxg]x?sf] klxrfg u/L To:tf] JolQm jf ;d'xnfO{ ;hfo x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . lj=;+= @)%& kf}if !! df ef/lto cleg]tf Clts /f]zgn] g]kfn / g]kfnLsf] af/]df gsf/fTds l6Kk0fL u/] …/]Ú eGg] xNnfsf] e/df g]kfnsf w]/} 7fpFdf cfuf] nfUof] / % hgf g]kfnLn] cgfxsdf Hofg u'dfpg' k/\of] . ef/tLo d'nsf Jofkf/L, ko{6s tyf ef/tLosf] cf/f]kdf t/fO{jf;L g]kfnL dfyL cfqmd0fx? ;d]t eP . o; 36gfnfO{ sltkon] o'4 / lx+;f k|]dL g]kfnL klxrfg eGb} xNnf lk6fP . t/ jf:tjdf Tof] 36gf o'4 k|]d jf lx+;f k|]d lyPg . Tof] t g]kfnL cl:dtf k|ltsf] ;+j]u lyof] . en} pQm ;dodf Clts /f]zgn] s]lx eg]sf lyPgg\ eGg] s'/f :ki6 eof] t/ ef/tsf] cuf8L ;w}+ lg/Lx g]kfn / g]kfnL hgtfn] dfgljo ;+j]ufTds :jefj b]vfP . To:tf ;+j]bglzn ljifodf unt ;'rgf k|jfx u/L g]kfnL ;+j]unfO{ e8\sfP/ g]kfndf ljt08f dRrfpg rfxg]x? To; ;do s]xL xb ;Dd ;kmn eP . g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ e8\sfP/ g]kfndf /x]sf] ;fDk|bfoLs ;b\efjnfO{ vnaNofpg rfxg]sf] To; ;dodf vf]hL jf:tjd} ePg .

Clts /f]zg sf08 kl5 ebf} !^, @)^! df g]kfndf csf]{ sf08 36\of] h"ga]nf !@ hgf lgbf]{if g]kfnLn] O/fsdf Hofg u'dfpg' k/]sf] lyof] . g]kfnLsf] dg /f]Psf] a]nf j]bgfsf] ;+j]unfO{ s;}n] e8\sfOlbof] . kmn:j?k O/fs cfkm} o'4df ?dnLPsf] b]z leqsf] s'g} cft+ssf/L ;d'xaf6 36fO{Psf] To:tf] cdfgljo 36gfsf] bf]if g]kfnL d':nLd ;d'bfon] v]Kg' k¥of] . jf:tjdf To; 36gfdf wd{ jf b]z s'g} klg axfgfaf6 g]kfnLnfO{ dfl/Psf] lyPg . g]kfnn] cd]/Lsf jf a]nfotn] h:tf] O/fsdf o'4 ug{ ;]gf k7fPsf] lyPg . g t ToxfF dfl/g]x? lxGb' dfq lyP . t/ ;+j]bglzntfnfO{ unt ?kdf k|of]u ug]{ ;d'xn] g]kfndf lxGb'–d'l:nd aLrsf] ;fDk|bfoLs ;b\efjnfO{ vnaNofpg] k|oTg u/L g]kfnL ;+rf/ hut, tyf a}b]zLs /f]huf/ Joj;fox? Tyf cGo Jofkf/Ls k|lti7fgx?nfO{ tx;–gx; kg]{ sf]lz; u/Lof] / c/af}+ ?lkFof a/fa/sf] cfly{s Iflt u/fO{of] .

z;:q åGåsf] ;dodf o'4/t kIfx?jf6 cdfgljo o'4 ul/P klg, dfgj clwsf/sf] xgg / HobtL r/d ?kdf u/LPsf] eP klg, dfgljo sfg'gsf] cjx]ngf u/L dlg;sf] jfFRg kfpg] clwsf/ vf]l;P klg s'g} 36gfn], wd{, hft, jf If]qsf] ?k lnPgg . j? g]kfnLn] k|ltzf]wsf] efjgf g/fvL g]kfndf zflGt :yfkgfsf]nflu k|of; hf/L /fv] . t/ g]kfnL leq /x]sf] ;b\efj / cdgr}g k|lt O{:of{ / 8fx ug]{x?n] ljleGg axfgfdf g]kfndf lx+;fTds Pj+ Wj+;fTds 36gf 36fpg] e/k'/ k|of; ul//x]sf 5g . hgcfGbf]ng–@ ;kmn kfg{ g]kfnL hgtfn] b]vfPsf] Pstf / zfx;sf] lj?4 g]kfnL] Pstf / ;b\efjsf zq'x? ;lqmotfsf ;fy nflu g]kfnu~h 36gf / To;kl5 lg/Gt/ c? 36gfx? 36fpg ;kmn ePsf 5g . jf:tjdf g]kfnu~h 36gf xNn}xNnf / unt ;'rgf k|jfxaf6 a9\b} uPsf] lyof] . k|bz{gsf/L / pRr dfWofdLs ljBfnosf ljBfyL{ aLr ePsf] ;fdfGo ljjfbnfO{ k|of]u u/]/ ;fdfhLs ;b\efj layf]Ng rfxg]x? xb} ;Dd ;kmn eP . kf}if !) ut]sf] ;fdfGo ljjfbn] kxf8L d'n / dw]zL d'nsf g]kfnL aLrsf] ;fDk|bfoLstfsf] /+udf kf]tLb} wfld{s /+u cg'z/0f u¥of] / lxGb'–d'l:nd aLrsf] ;fDk|bfoLstfdf k'Uof] . jf:tjdf clt/GhLt / skf]nsNkLt ;+j]ufTds 36gf km}nfO{ 5f]6f] ;dodf ;Dk"{0f t/fO{nfO{ e8\sfpg ;kmn ePsf] Tof] zlQm ljleGg df}sf 5f]Kb} g]kfnL ;b\efj vnaNofpg nflu/x]sf] 5 .

dw]zsf hgtfsf] hfoh dfusf] cfGbf]ngnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLn] PSoj4tf hgfpbf hgfpb} t/fO{df dw]zL d'n / kxf8L d'nsf gfu/Ls aLr kmf6f] NofO{ t/fO{ cfGbf]ngnfO{ g} wldNofpg] k|of; eof] . h;/L g]kfnu~h 36gfsf b[io dw]zdf km}nfO{ dw]zL hgtfnfO{ kxf8L hgtfsf lj?4df e8\sfpg ;fDk|bfoLs ;b\efjsf zq'x? s]lx xb ;Dd ;kmn eP, plgx? Tolx ?kdf kxf8sf hgtfnfO{ dw]zL hgtfsf lj?4df e8\|sfpg] k|of; ul//x]sf 5g\ . uf}/ 36gf h:tf] g/;+xf/ To;s} Pp6f k|of; lyof] . t/ uf}/ 36gfn] kxf8L d'nsf gful/snfO{ dw]zL d'nsf gfu/Lssf] lj?4 e8\sfpg g;s] kl5 ;fDk|bfoLs ;b\efjsf lj/f]lwx?n] b+uf e8\sfpg] :yfgsf] ?kdf sf7df08f}nfO{ /f]h] . x'g klg logLx?nfO{ nfu]sf] x'g ;S5 ls ;fdfGo Clts /f]zg sf08n] e8\sLg] sf7df08f}, O/fssf cft+ssf/Lsf] lj?4df e8\lsg] sf7df08f}nfO{ xfnsf] ;+qmd0fsfndf, dw]z s]xL ?kdf kxf8Lof lj?4df e8\lsPsf] ;dodf e8\sfpg ;hLnf] 5 / sf7df08f} e8\lsg' eg]s} ;Dk"0f{ g]kfn e8\lsg' xf] . sf7df08f}+df ad k8\sfO{ dw]zdf a:g] s'g} ;d'xn] la:kmf]6sf] lhDd]jf/L ln+bf sf7df08f}+df dw]zLx? dfyL cfqmd0f z'? x'g] 5 / g]kfndf ;fDk|bfoLs ;b\efj vnaNofpg ;lsg] 5 eGg] ;f]rn] sf7df08f}+df ad k8\sfO{ lgbf{]z gful/ssf] xTof u/Lof] . t/ sf7df08f}n] o;k6s Hofb} ;+odtf b]vfof] . sf7df08f}sf] 36gfjf6 ;fDk|bfoLstfdf cfFr Nofpg g;s]kl5 xtf; x'Fb} ;fDk|bfoLs ;b\efjsf zq'x?n] slknj:t'df df]Ob vfF sf] xTof u/] . tTkZrft plgx?n] km]/L g]kfnL ;+j]unfO{ e8\sfO{ slknj:t'df g/;+xf/ u/fpg ;kmn eP .

o;/L Ps kl5 csf]{ 36gfnfO{ s]nfpg]xf] eg] ;fdfhLs ck/flwx?sf] cft+ssf/L Jojxf/ g]kfnnfO{ tx;–gx; gkf/] ;Dd /f]lsg] b]vLb}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf klg g]kfn ;/sf/ cfof]u u7g / /fxtsf] s'/f eGbf cuf8L j9\g] u/]sf] kfO{b}g . lj=;+= @)%& kf}if !! sf] Clts /f]zg sf08, ebf} !^, @)^! sf] sf08, g]kfnu~h sf08, uf}/ sf08 sf cfof]hsx? tyf dw]zsf] cfGb]ngdf 3';k}7 u/L ck/flws 36gf 36fpg]x? gt kQf nfu]sf 5g\ gt s'g} ck/flwnfO{ sf/jfxL ePsf] 5 . o:tf] b08lxgtfsf] cj:yfn] ;fdfhLs ;fDk|bfoLstfsf ck/flwx?nfO{ yk ck/fw ug{ xf};nf ldn]sf] 5 . sf7df08f}+ ad sf08sf s]lx cf/f]kL cg'xf/x? ;fj{hlgs ePsf 5g\ . t/ To; sf08 k5f8L /x]sf] u'x\o ;fj{hlgs ePsf] 5}g . ;/sf/sf] lg/Lxtf /x]sf] xfnsf] cj:yfdf If]q, ju{, wd{, / ;Dk|bfosf g]kfnLn] zflGt / ;+odtf ckgfpg' kg]{ ePsf] 5 . ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLn] ;fdfhLs–;fDk|bfoLs ck/flwnfO{ lrGg] / To:tf tTjsf] e8\sfpk"0f{ s[ofsnfknfO{ a'em]/ g]kfnLsf] PstfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg' clt cfjZos 5 . ck/fw rfx] lxdfnL, kxf8L jf dw]zL cg'xf/n] u/f];\ Tof] cfd lxdfnL, kxf8L jf dw]zLsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g ;Sb}g .

ck/flws dfgl;stfsf dflg;sf] hdft h'g ;'s} If]q, wd{, jf ;d'bfodf x'g ;S5g t/ ltgn] To:tf If]q, wd{, jf ;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwTj ub}{gg . ltgn] s]jn ck/fwLsf] k|ltlglwTj ub5{g . To:tf ck/fwLsf] klxrfg ul/ ;hfFo ug]{ kl/kf6L a;fpg'sf] ;§f g]kfnL /fhlgtL ;d]t ækm"6fp / /fh u/Æ eGg] dfGotfaf6 u|l;t eO{ e8\sfpsf] /fhlgtLsf] ugf{n] /fhlgtL hgtfsf] ;]jf ug]{ dfWod ge} kmf]xf]/L v]ndf kl/0ft ePsf] 5 . 36gf / ;dosf] ;+j]bglzntfnfO{ a]jf:tf u/L abnfsf] efjgf k|]l/t u/fpg] laleGg 36gfsf ;'rgf / ;dfrf/ ;+k]|if0f ubf{ dw]zsf] :jR5 cfGbf]ngn] ck/flws df]8 lng k'Uof] . dw]zdf cfuf] nflu /Xof] / cf–cfkm\gf] x7sf] sf/0f uf}/df /Qmkft eof] . hgcfGbf]ng–@ kl5 g]kfnL /fhg}lts j[Qdf 36]sf 36gfnfO{ x]bf{ hgcfGbf]ng–@ dfkm{t g]kfndf nf]stGq :yfkgf u/L g]kfnLsf] cfkm\gf] k|of;n] !) jif]{ ;z:q o'4nfO{ zflGt k|s[ofdf Nofpg ;kmn g]kfn /fhg}lts g]tfdf k~rfotL /fli6«otfn] l;sfPsf] slxn] gem'Sg] lz/ plePsf] -;xdtLdf gcfpg], cfkm" af]Ng] t/ c?sf] s'/f g;'Gg] / xfdL eGg] zAb 1fg gePsf]_ slyt :jfledfg -cledfg÷3d08_ kl/jt{g x'g g;ls /fhg}lts c;Ifdtf / n'5fr'+8Ln] hgtfsf] ;kgf jg]sf] ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg cGof]ndf k/]sf] 5 eg] zflGt k|s[of ;d]t w/fkdf kg{ ;Sg] ;+efjgf 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf k|lts[ofjfbLx? g]kfndf yk g]kfnu~h, uf}/, sf7df08f}, tyf slknj:t' 36gf 36fpg tlNng x'g]5g\ . To;}n] cfufdL lbgdf ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL Ps eP/ ;a} vfn] ;fdfhLs ck/fwLsf s[ofsnfknfO{ rgfvf] k"j{s x]b}{ s'g} klg ck/fwLs 36gfn] wd{, If]qLotf jf hftLotfsf] /+u lng gkfcf];\ eGg] tkm{ ;ts{ x'g' k/]sf] 5 . xfdL ;do ;dodf e8\sLPsf 5f} / e8\sfOPsf 5f} . h;jf6 xfdL n'6LPsf 5f}, xfdLn] u'dfPsf 5f} eg] ck/fwL n'6]/fx? cfkm\gf] p2]Zodf ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . xfd|f] Pstfn] dfq dfgljo ;+j]bgfnfO{ cad'Nog u/L ;fdfhLs ;b\efj vnaNofpg] 36gf /f]Sg ;+ej 5 . xfd|} Pstfaf6 dfq zflGt / ljsf;sf] nflu ckl/xfo{ nf]stGq ;+:yfut x'g ;Sg]5 .  

Rishikesh Pandey Need of King in Democratic State

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 Clifs]z kf08]

O{d]n: itsmehimalaya@gmail.com

xfn hgtfnfO{ afx]s ;a}nfO{ /fhtGq rflxPsf] 5 t/ hgtfn] klg dg k/fpg] /fhtGq vf]Hg] tkm{ bnx?n] ;f]r]sf 5}gg . g]kfndf nf]stflGqs ;/sf/sf] :yfkgf ePsf] !& dlxgf lat] klg, /fhfnfO{ lgnlDat ul/P klg, g]kfnL hgtfsf] dg / dl:tis af6 /fhf / /fhtGq d]l6O{;s]sf] eP klg g]tf tyf /fhg}lts bnnfO{ g]kfndf /fhtGq arfO{ /fVg kg'{sf] vf; sf/0f hgtfn] a'em\g ;s]sf 5}gg . slxn] ;]/f]df]lgonsf] gfddf t slxn] a]la lsËsf] gfddf g]kfnL s+fu|];n] /fhfnfO{ af]Sg 5f8]sf] 5}g . cem s]lx dlxgf b]vL b|'t ultdf a9]sf] s+fu|]; Plss/0f k|s[of /fhtGqnfO{ arfpg] v]nsf] ?kdf cuf8L cfpg ;Sg] 7"nf] ;+efjgf b]lvG5 . g]kfnL s+fu|]; leq /fhtGq lj?4df hlt 7"nf] wf/ 5, lg0f{o :t/df To; wf/n] xfn;Dd ;]/f]df]lgon jf a]la lsËsf kIfw/x?nfO{ k/f:t ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . hlt g} lg/+s'z eP klg, b]z / hgtfnfO{ tx; gx; kf/] klg, kf6L{nfO{ k|ltaGw nufP klg / g]tf tyf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ gh/aGb jf y'g'jf agfP klg /fhtGqnfO{ dg, arg / sd{n] k'hf ul//xg'sf] cf}lrTo g]kfnL s+fu|];n] hgtf ;fd' k'i6L ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . g]kfnL s+fu|]; sdn yfkf jf /ljGb| gfy zdf{sf] kf6L{ xf]Og, g t o;sf] g]t[Tj k|sfz sf]O/fnfn] u/]sf 5g . Tolt dfq xf]Og ;'o{ axfb'/ yfkf, nf]s]Gb| axfb'/ rGb jf kz'klt zDz]/ h=a=/f= klg g]kfnL s+fu|];sf g]tf xf]Ogg . g]kfnL s+fu|];sf sfo{stf{, eft[ ;+u7g tyf s+fu|];sf ;'a]R5's dtbftfx? Dffem slx st} cl:tTjdf g/x]sf] /fhtGqnfO{ g]kfnL s+fu|];n] af]ls /fVg kg'{sf] sf/0fx? hgtfsf dfemdf /fvL lbP hgtfn] u'd/fx af6 aflx/ cfpg] cj;/ kfpg] lyP .

/fhtGqnfO{ oyfjt /fVg] sfo{df g]kfnL s+fu|]; dfq} Psn k|of;df nfu]sf] xf]Og . klxn]sf /fhfjfbL bnsf] s'/f t s] ug]{, cfkm"nfO{ ;fx|} u0ftGqjfbL atfpg] g]skf Pdfn] tyf dfcf]jfbLdf klg /fhtGqsf kIfw/ /lx/xg'nfO{ hgtfn] qf;sf] efjdf x]/]sf 5g . hgtf nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] kIfdf ePsf] tYonfO{ 7f8} r'gf}tL lb+b} g]tfx? /fhtGq k|]dL x'g' nf]stflGqs zf;g Joj:yfsf] nflu z'e ;+s]t kSs} xf]Og . hgtf / gful/s ;dfhsf] ;dod} lj/f]w x'Fbf x'Fb} n'sfP/ b/af/nfO{ kf]:g] xfnsf] nf]stflGqs < ;/sf/ / /fhfnfO{ afFRgs} nflu ah]6 lbOPsf] eGg] u}/ lhDd]jf/ hjfkm lbg] Pdfn] dxf;lrj, b/af/nfO{ vr{ glbg bafa glbg] t/ 36fpg dfq k|of; ug]{ dfcf]jfbLn] hgtfnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' k5{ ls /fhfnfO{ k};f glb+bf sxfF s] ljklQ cfpg] lyof] . nfvf}+ hgtf ef]sd/Ln] lk8Lt x'g] b]zdf hgtfnfO{ @ 5fs v'jfpg g;Sg] ;/sf/n], åGå lk8Lt, ;fdGt lk8Lt, lgs'Gh lk8Lt, jf9L lk8Lt tyf clt ljkGg hgtfsf] lzIff, :jf:Yo / /f]huf/Lsf] lhDd]jf/L lng g;Sg] ;/sf/n], cl;ldt ;DklQsf dfnLsnfO{ yk s/f]8f} lbg'sf] cf}lrTo s'g} klg axfgfaf6 ;fljt x'g ;St}g < hgtf lar cfh} u0ftGq 3f]if0ff÷ef]nL u0ftGq 3f]if0ff ug{ ;Sg] 3d08 ug]{ dfcf]jfbLsf] pNn]Vo ;+Vofdf dGqLx? k|efjzfnL dGqfnodf x'Fbf ;d]t ;/sf/ tkm{ kmls{bfsf] jf:tljstf eGbf km/s x'g] ul/ lgl/x hgtf h:t} zlQmlxg b]vLg' st} plgx?sf] hgtf lt/ kms]{/ ug]{ clego dfq t xf]Og eg]/ hgtfn] z+sf ug{ ;S5g . ctM dfcf]jfbLn] ;d]t hgtfnfO{ :ki6 kfg'{ k5{ ls dfcf]jfbLsf] s'g s'gfdf s:tf] x};Lotsf] /fhtGq n's]sf] 5 .

g]kfnsf ljleGg :yfgsf] e|d0fsf j]nf s]xL hgtf ljif]zu/L kfsf gful/sx?n] b]zdf zflGt :yfkgf x'G5 eg] /fhtGq l:jsfbf{ 3f6f gx'g] ts{ /fv]sf] kfO{G5 . jf:tjdf o;/L ;fgf] ;+Vofdf ePklg hgtfn] æ/fhtGqnfO{ 7fpF lb+bf zflGt 5fpF5 eg]Æ eGg'sf] cy{ /fhtGq cfjZos 5 eGg] geO{ plgx?sf] zflGt k|ltsf] cfsfFIff xf] . o;sf] k5f8L n's]sf] cy{ eg]sf] 7fpF gkfpFbf /fhf tyf /fhfsf ;dy{sn] s'g} k|sf/sf] clk|o 36gf 36fpg ;S5g ls eGg] 8/ hgtfdf /x]sf] b]vLG5 . s] /fhg}lts kf6L{x?sf] /fhf hkfO{ klg olx 8/ leq n's]sf] 5 < Pdfn] dxf;lrjsf] egfOnfO{ Pshgf jl/i7 JoËsf/n] klg o:t} cfzodf cfkm\gf] >[hgfdf k|:t't u/]sf  lyP . Tolt dfq xf]O{g dw]zsf] cfGbf]ngdf /fhtGqjfbL sf] 3'ifk}7 5 eGg] /fhg}lts bnx?, ebf} !^ sf] sf7df08f}sf] ad sf08df /fhfjfbLsf] xft /x]sf] z+sf ug]{ /fhg}lts bnx? hgcfGbf]ng @ sf] Toqf] ljzfn hgfwf/ kfpFbf kfpFb} lsg olt sdhf]/< olb dw]zsf] cfGbf]ngdf /fhtGqjfbL sf] 3'ifk}7 5 / ad sf08df /fhfjfbLsf] xft 5 eGg] xf] eg] ;/sf/ lsg sf/jfxL ub}{g < hgtfsf] zflGtsf] rfxgf /fhtGq /xFbfs} cj:yfdf ;d]t k'/f gePsf] oyfy{nfO{ dgg ubf{ b]zdf zflGt :yfkgf s} nflu /fhtGq /fVg'kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvb}g . xf] nf]stGq k|lt ;a}n] vt/f dxz'z u/]sf] oyfy{ xf] . t/ of] klg Tolt g} ;To xf] sL /fhtGq g/fVbf eGbf /fhtGq /fVbf nf]stGqnfO{ al9 vt/f 5 . lsg ls ha /fhtGq /xG5 ta dfq /fhtGq af6 nf]stGqdf vt/f x'g ;S5 . /fhtGq g} g/x] s] sf] vt/f < o;f] x'Fbf x'Fb} klg åGå ?kfGt/0fsf l;4fGtx?n] åGå dWo:ytf / ?kfGt/0fsf] nflu åGå/t kIfn] Ps csf{sf] cl:tTj l:jsf/ ug'{ / ;Ddfg ug'{ kg]{ atfpF5 . ctM xfnsf] åGå olb /fhtGq / nf]stGq aLrsf] / ;x cl:tTj sf] nflu xf] eg] g]kfnsf] ljBdfg /fhtGqsf] cl:tTjsf] af/]df ljZn]if0f ug'{ cfjZos 5 .

g]kfn Plss/0f ;+u} :yflkt g]kfnsf] /fhtGq jf:tljs ?kdf /fhf lj/]Gb|sf] j+z ljgf; kl5 cl:tTj ljlxg ePsf] ;a}nfO{ :ki6 ePsf] s'/f xf] . cem hgtfsf] egfO{df t lj/]Gb|sf] j+z ljgf; kl5sf] /fhtGq hgtfsf] O{R5fdf ge} aGb'ssf] e/df :yflkt ePsf] xf] eGg] b]lvG5 . ctM xfnsf] åGå nf]stGq / /fhtGq aLrsf] ge} nf]stGq / 1fg]Gb| zfx aLrsf] xf] eGbf cTo"lQm gxf]nf . of] åGå nfO{ g]kfnL hgtfsf] cfsf+Iff nf]stflGqs u0ftGq / 1fg]Gb| aLrsf] xf] elgPdf åGå dWo:ytfsf] nflu ;a}sf] cl:tTj l:jsfg'{ kg]{ dfGotf cg';f/ g]kfnL hgtfn] 1fg]Gb| zfxsf] cl:tTjnfO{ ;;Ddfg l:jsfg]{ 5g\ . g]kfnL hgtfn] hfg]sf] 1fg]Gb| zfxsf] cl:yTj Ps uLtsf/ / Ps ;kmn Joj;foL jf pBf]uklt xf] . ctM ha 1fg]Gb| zfx Ps uLtsf/ jf ;flxTosf/sf] ?kdf g]kfnL df6f]df b]vf kg]{5g\ jf egf}+ ;kmn Joj;foL jf pBf]ukltsf] ?kdf g]kfnL hgtfn] pgnfO{ ahf/df b]Vg]5g ta plg k|lt hgtfsf] ;Ddfg cjZo /xg] . o;}u/L 1fg]Gb| zfx af6 klg hgtfsf] cl:tTjnfO{ l:jsfl/ ul2sf] nf]e Tofu]df 1fg]Gb| zfx tyf pgsf] kl/jf/ nfO{ gt lzj/flqdf kz'klt gfysf] bz{g ug{ af6 alGrt x'g' kg]{ 5 gt s[i0ffidL df s[i0f dlGb/ hfg jf6 . Tolt dfq xf]O{g 1fg]Gb| zfx tyf kl/jf/sf ;a} gful/s ;/xsf clwsf/ ;'/lIft x'g]5g\ . o;sf] ;fy;fy} g]kfnL hgtfn] ef]u]sf] xfnsf] åGå klg ;dfKt x'g]5 . ctM xfnsf] hgtfsf] lj/f]w 1fg]Gb| zfx k|lt geO{ >L % 1fg]Gb| lj/ ljqmd zfxb]j dflysf] xf] eGg] s'/f a'em\g' cfjZos 5 .

g]kfnL hgtfsf] lj/f]wsf] afah"b g]kfnL s+fu|];n] /fhtGq hf]ufpg s} nflu >L % 1fg]Gb|nfO{ kbaf6 x6\g cfu|x ug'{ k/]sf] 5 . >L % 1fg]Gb| x6]/} eP klg df]l/of6L{x?nfO{ /fhtGq hf]ufpg' 5 . cfkm\gf] b]zdf *! k|ltzt lxGb'x? x'Fbf lxGb' /fHo grfxLP klg ef/tLo lxGb'x?nfO{ g]kfn lxGb' /fhtGqfTds /fHo agfpg' k/]sf] 5 . Pdfn] ;d]tn] /fhtGq arfpg ah]6 lbg'kg]{ :ki6 kfl/;s]sf] 5 eg] o;sf] kl5kl5 dfcf]jfbLn] klg /fhfnfO{ ah]6 lbg c3f]ifLt d~h'/L lbPsf] 5 . cem lj8Djgf, ;+ljwfgn] lgnlDjt u/] klg g]kfnL ldl8ofn] dfxf/fh÷dxf/fgL÷o'j/fh÷d'df j8fdfxf/fgL cfbL elg ;Daf]wg 5f8]sf 5}gg\ . gt s'g} /fhg}lts bnn] 5f8]sf 5g\ . kf/if zfx lj/fdL k/]sf] ;dfrf/ n] ;a} ld8Lofdf :yfg kfof] Tof] klg o'j/fhlw/fhsf] ;Ddfg ;fy . kf/if zfxs} pkrf/df ;+nUg 8S6/x? o:tf @$ j6f s];df @@ j6fsf] ;kmn pkrf/ ePsf] jtfp5g t/ lt s'g} s]; g]kfnL ld8LofnfO{ ;dfrf/ ePgg\ . of] s:tf] lj8DDjgf xf] g]kfnsf] hxfF g]kfnLsf] ;Ddfg x'Fb}g < o:tf] ;fdlGt ;+:sf/n] h/f uf8]sf] d'n'sdf /fhtGq /lxt nf]stGq cfpnf < jf:tjdf g]kfnL hgtf jfx]ssf ;j} g]kfnL OnfO6 /fhtGqsf] kIfdf 5g\ / plgx? s]jn hgtfnfO{ 9fF6\g vlKk; 5g\ eGg] tYo o;jf6 :ki6 ePsf] 5 . cem kf/if zfx lj/fdL k/]sf] ;dfrf/ n] ;]K6]Dj/ @ sf] adsf08sf] bf]ifLsf] vf]hLsf] nflu ldl8ofdf rNg' kg]{ jx; / ldl8ofn] lbg'kg]{ bjfj cf]em]ndf kg{ ;Sg] / x'nd'nsf] df}sfdf ck/flw efUg;Sg] ;+efjgfnfO{ gsfg'{ h3Go ulNt x'g]5 .

o:tf] /fhtGq k|ltsf] /fhg}lts bn, g]tfx? / ljb]zL zlQmsf] df]xnfO{ hgtfn] kmfNg ;Snfg < of] sfo{ Tolt ;/n / ;xh 5}g lsgls ;a} /fhf rfxg]x?n] /fhfnfO{ /fli6«o Pstfsf] k|lts, /fli6«o cv08tfsf] ;'lglZrtstf{ tyf /fi6« k|d'vsf] ?kdf x]/]sf 5g\ . t/ s;}n] klg Tof] JolQm 1fg]Gb| zfx g} x'g' k5{ eg]sf 5}gg . a? /fhf rfxLG5 eGg]x?n] g} 1fg]Gb| zfx s'g} klg xfntdf /fhf x'g' x'Fb}g eg]sf 5g\ . To;}n] klg w]/}n] w]/} vfn] /fhfsf] k|:tfj u/], >[ltsf] 5f]/L b]vL lnP/ x[bo]Gb| ;Ddsf k|:tfj cfP . ljZjdf /fhtGq nf]kf]Gd'v 5 . ljZjsf] hg;+Vofsf] !) k|ltzt eGbf sd hg;+Vof /fhtGqaf6 zfl;t 5g\ . o; kl/k]Ifdf g]kfndf /fhtGqsf] cfjZostf 7fGg' lsdfy{ /fd|f] x'g] 5}g . tyfkL /fi6« k|d'v / Pstfsf] k|ltssf] ?kdf /fhf rflxPsf] xf] eg] laNs'n} gofF k|s[ltsf] /fhfsf] ;f]rfO{ agfpg' cfjZos b]lvG5 . To;}n] oxfF Pp6f /fhfsf] k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 / nfU5 of] k|:tjn] /fhf rfxg] / grfxg] b'j} ;d'xsf] dfu k'/f x'g]5 .

xf], /fhf ;fFrL g]kfnsf] nflu kfly{j Pstfsf] l;4fGtsf k|lt?k x'g ;S5g eg], jf /fi6« k|d'v /fhf g} agfO{g' k5{ eg] ljZjdf ljleGg b]zsf /fi6« k|d'vnfO{ ljleGg gfddf /fi6«fWoIf, :6]6 d]g, /fi6«klt, rfG;n/ elgP em} g]kfnL /fi6« k|d'vnfO{ /fhf elgg] 5 / p;n] gf/fo0flx6L b/af/df a;]/ /fi6« k|d'vsf lhDd]jf/L lgjf{x ug]{ 5 / >Lk]r klg klxl/g] 5 . To:tf] JolQm nf]stflGqs zf;g Joj:yf cg';f/ lgjf{rg k|s[ofaf6 hgtfn] 5fGg]5g\ / hGdsf] cfwf/df sf]xL /fhf aGg kfpg] 5}g . pQm lgjf{rgaf6 cfpg] JolQm If]qLo–hftLo–n}ËLs lje]b ljgf hf] sf]xL x'g ;Sg]5 t/ g}ltsjfg, ;Ifd / g]kfnsf] ljljwtfsf] ;Ddfg ug]{ x'g' kg]{5 . Toltdfq xf]Og pQm /fhfn] cf};t g]kfnL ;/xsf] lhjgofkg ug{ /fHosf]if jf6 kfl/>dLs kfpg] 5 . pQm /fhf /fhb/af/ l5bf{ s} cfyL{s cj:yfdf b/af/af6 aflxl/g] -ef/tLo /fi6«klt cAb'n snfd h:t}_ 5 . pQm /fhfn] /fi6« k|d'vsf] x}l;otdf ul/g] ;a} cf}krfl/s sfo{qmd sfo{sf/L -sfo{kfnLsf_ n] lbPsf] ljlw÷lglt÷lgod / Joj:yflksfn] lbPsf] ah]6 leq /xL ljlQo cg'zf;g sfod ub}{ /fi6« k|d'vsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ 5 . o:tf] /fhfsf] kbfjlw % jif{sf] x'g], Joj:yflksfsf] @ ltxfO{n] s'g} klg sf/0fdf x6fpg ;Sg] / s'g} klg JolQm @ sfo{sfn eGbf a9L ;do /fhf aGg gkfpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg ;s] /fd|} x'GYof] sL <  /fhf klg /xg] / hgtfn] 5fGg klg kfpg] x'Fbf of] k|:tfj ;a}nfO{ l:jsfo{ x'GYof] sL < t/ /fhlgltzfl:qx? /fhtGq -df]gfsL{_sf] cjwf/0ff lgjf{rg ;+u ;+alGwt ge} ;Gtfg b/;Gtfgsf] -k'Vof}{nL_ cjwf/0ff ePsf]n] of] k|:tfj l:jsfg{ g;lsg] ts{ klg /fVnfg . t/ of] ;+ej 5 lsgsL k'Vof}{nL /fhtGqsf] cjwf/0ff g]kfnsf] nflu cfoftLt cjwf/0ff xf] h'g cjwf/0ff dfGg} k5{ eGg] 5}g . h;/L ljleGg b]z g]kfn ;lxtn] /fhfsf] h]7f] k'?if ;Gtfg ul2sf] xsbf/ x'g] k/Dk/f jbNb} h]7f] ;Gtfg -dlxnf klg_ xsbf/ x'g ;Sg] Aoj:yf u/]sf] 5 To;} u/L lgjf{rg jf6 /fhf 5fGg] / pQm /fhf /fi6« k|d'v x'g] k/Dk/f klg cj rnfpg ;lsG5 / of] Joj:yf clt pQd x'g]5 . cflv/ of] k2tL g]kfnsf] nflu gofF xf]O{g lsgls x/]s j8fbz}+df bf}8 lht]/ /fhf jGg] k/Dk/fnfO{ xfnsf] /fhtGqn] zlQmsf] e/df jbn]/ k'Vof}{nL /fhtGqsf] cjwf/0ff :yflkt u/]sf] xf] . PSsfO{;f}+ ztflAb zlQmsf] ztflAb ge} ;xdltsf] ztflAb ePsf]n] lgjf{rg jf6 x/]s % jif{sf] nflu /fhf r'Gg] k2tL dfkm{t b]z / hgtfsf] enfO{df w]/} jif{ latfpg]x?nfO{ /fhf agfpg' cfkm}df Ps dxfg ;+:sf/ x'g]5 .  

Rishikesh Pandey Quality Education

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Email: itsmehimalaya@gmail.com

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lzIff If]qsf ;d:ofx?df ;/f]sf/jfnfx? jLr z}lIfs ;d:of / ;dfwfgsf af/]df cGt/s[ofsf] gx'g', cToGt lkmtnf] tl/sf jf6 cg'udg tyf lgl/If0f ul/g', k7g–kf7g tyf kl/Iff k|0ffnL ;fy{s gx'Fbf u'0f:t/lxg ufO{8, u]; k]k/, gf]6 h:tf kf7\o ;fdfu|Ldf l;dLt ljBfyL] cem kl/Iffdf lr6 rf]g]{ clg d'l:snn] plt0f{ x'g] kl/kf6Ln] lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ vl:sPsf] 5 . lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ vl:sg'df lzIff ;DalGw P]g lgod tyf gLltut ljifodf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu 5nkmn tyf cGtls{of gug]{ kl/kf6L n] jg]sf lglt–lgod sdhf]/ / lkmtnf x'Fbf b]lvPsf] lgtLut lg/Lxtf, Pj+ b]zdf ljBdfg åGå tyf /fhg}lts lvrftfgL ;d]t lhDd]jf/ 5g\ . ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx?df hjfkmb]lxtfsf] cefj, lzIfsx? nuglzn / lgoldt gx'g', tflnd k|fKt lzIfsx?n] klg tflndsf pknlAwsf] k|of]u gug'{, l;sfO{ k|s[of Ifdtf clej[l4 / >[hgfd'lv ge} jfl8g] j:t'sf] ?kdf lnO{g'n] z}lIfs u'0f:t/ 36]sf] 5 . ljBfno lgl/If0f / cg'udg k|efjsf/L 5}g / z}lIfs k|zf;g u'0f:t/Lo lZfIff k|lt rf;f] /fVb}g . Tolt dfq xf]O{g u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf] nflu gt ;/sf/sf] gt /fhg}lts bnsf] OG5f zlQm b]lvG5 . ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt, cleefjs, gful/s ;dfh st} jf6 klg u'0f:tl/o lzIffsf] nflu vj/bf/L x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . z}lIfs If]q o;/L tx; gx; 5 ls gofF g]kfnsf] gfddf oyfl:yltnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg' eGbf al9 s]lx x'g] cj:yf b]lvb}g .

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lzIffsf] clwsf/ ljZjJofkL xf] eg] u'0f:t/sf] d'4f /fHo / ahf/sf] xf] . s'g} klg /fHosf] lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ s:tf] x'g] eGg] s'/fsf] lglZrttf ug]{ / pQm :t/sf] u'0f:t/sf] lzIff ;'lglZrtsf]nflu cfjZos aGbf]j:t ldnfpg] cleef/f /fHosf] g} xf] . lzIffsf] clwsf/sf] leq jfnjflnsfn] k|f/lDes lzIff dft[efiff kfpg' kg]{ clwsf/ klg k5{ . k|f/lDes lzIff dft[efiffsf] dfWod jf6 lbO{bf l;sfO{ k|efjsf/L x'g] x'Fgfn] k|fylds txsf] lzIff dft[efiff lbO{g' kb{5 . jfnjfnLsfnfO{ zfl//Ls / dfgl;s ;hfFo lbO{ lzIff nfb\g] kl/kf6Lsf] cGTo u/L jfn d}qLk'0f{ tl/sfjf6 l;sfO{g] k|0ffnL cjnDjg ul/g' k5{ . lzIff k|s[ofdf afnaflnsfsf] k|ToIf ;xeflutf, lzIffy{L{sf] ;Ddfg, cfTd ljZjf;df j[l4, cfTd cg'zf;g k|lt k|]l/t ug]{ l;sfO{ k|s[of / /fhgLlts tyf ;fdfhLs cleofg dfkm{t ;a}sfnflu lzIff eGg] ;x;|flAb nIo k|fKt x'g] cj:yf jgfO{g' k5{ . /fHosf] lzIff k|0ffnL tyf lzIff lgtLn] Zffl//Ls / dfgl;s ?kdf sdhf]/ jfnjflnsfsf] lzIff k|lt Wofg lbg ljif]z /]vb]vdf lbO{g] lzIffsf] (Special Needs Education) Joj:yf ug'{ .

lzIffdf /fHosf] kof{Kt nufgL jLgf gt lzIffsf] clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrt x'g ;S5 gt u'0f:t/ . cfwf/e"t ;fdflhs ;]jfdf /fHosf] bx|f] ;xof]u / cfosf] 7"nf] lx:;f lzIffdf nufgL ug]{ k|lta4tf /fHon] gu/] ;Dd lzIffsf] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt x'Fb}g . /fHon] ;d'bfonfO{ lzIff If]qdf nufgL ubf{sf] b[Zo / dfklgo k|ltkmnsf] hfgsf/L u/fO{ lzIff zflGt, nf]stGq / ljsf;sf] cfwf/ xf] elg kl/eflift ug{ ;s] / ;f]lx cg'?ksf /fHon] ;xsfo{sf]nflu ;d'bfo / lglh If]qnfO{ cfJxfg ug{ ;s]df s]lx jif{dfg} ce'tk"j{ ;kmntf k|fKt x'g ;S5 . To;} u/L;sf/fTds z}lIfs x:tIf]kx? h:t}M 5fqj[lt, z}lIfs cg'bfg, lgMz'Ns z}lIfs ;fdu|L ;xof]u, egf{ cleofg, dlxnfnfO{ ljZf]if u|fXotf h:tf s[ofsnfkx? ljleGg u}x| ;/sf/L ;+:yf tyf sNof0fsf/L ;+:yf tyf JolQmx?n] ;d]t ;xof]u u/]/ ul/jL, cefj / l;dfGts[t cj:yfdf /x]sf jfnjflnsfx?sf] ;d]t u/L;a}sfnflu lzIffsf] clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrt ug{ ;lsG5 .

ljBfno gS;fÍg u/L ljBfno gePsf :yfgdf ljBfnosf] :yfkgf ug]{ / a[xt 5nkmn jf6 /fhg}lts ;xdlt jgfO{ lzIfs–ljBfyL{ cg'kftsf] cfwf/df kf/blz{ ?kdf b/aGbL ldnfg / lzIfs lgo"lQm tyf ;?jf u/L lzIfs–ljBfyL{ cg'kft ldnfpg' k5{ . lzIf0f k]zfnfO{ cGo k]zfdf gljs] kl5 ug]{ k]zfsf ?kjf6 ;a{>]i7x?n] ug]{ k]zfsf] ?kdf ?kfGt/0f gu/] ;Dd z}lIfs u'0f:t/df ;'wf/ x'g] b]lvb}g . To;}u/L ljBfyL{x?nfO{ /fhgLlts ?kdf ;';'lrt u/fpg] sfo{ Kff7\oqmd dfkm{t u/fO{ lzIff If]qdf /fhg}lts bn tyf ljBfyL{ ;u7gx?n] cx:tIf]ksf] jftfj/0f agfpg' cfjZos b]lvG5 . s'g} klg axfgfdf afnaflnsfsf] k9fOdf c;/ k'Ug] k|s[tLsf sfo{qmd gug]{ k|ltj4tf ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?n] hfx]/ ug]{ / ljBfnonfO{ zflGt If]qsf] ?kdf l:jsf/ ul/Psf] k|lta4tf / zflGt If]q eg]sf] k|ToIf o'4 gug]{ eGg] ;+ls0f{ cy{ eGbf a9L afnaflnsfnfO{ ljBfnos} cf}krfl/s sfo{qmddf afx]s cGo s'g} klg ljlzi6 JolQm ljz]ifsf] :jfut÷ljbfO{df gnufpg], ljljw vfn] ¥ofnL÷wgf{÷cfGbf]ng jf pT;jdf gnufpg] eGg] cy{df lng] k|ltj4tf k|s6 ub}{ ljBfnon] z}lIfs Sofn]08/nfO{ b[9tfsf ;fy kfngf ug{ ;Sg] jftfj/0f jgfpg' k5{ .

ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt tyf ;d'bfonfO{ Ifdtfjfg gagfO{ ljBfno x:tfGt/0f ug{ cft'/ b]lvg'n] ;/sf/ cfkm\gf] bfloTj efUg rfx] h:tf] b]vLG5 . To;}n] ;/sf/n] ljBfno x:tfGt/0f ug'{ cuf8L ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt tyf ;d'bfosf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{ kg]{ b]lvG5 . To:t} ;dfg lzIff÷kf7\oqmd / ;dfg k/LIff k|0ffnL ckgfO{ Joj;foLs, lzkd'ns / k|fljlws lzIffdf hf]8 lb+b} ;fd'bflos / gLlh ljBfno jLrsf] c;dfgtf 36fpg] k|oTg x'g' kb{5 . gLlh ljBfnox?sf] Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df x/]s lglh ljBfnonfO{ b'u{d If]qsf Ps jf Ps eGbf j9L ;fd'bfoLs ljBfno ;+u ;+hfndf cfj4 u/L z}lIfs tyf Joj:yfklso ;]jf cfbfg–k|bfgsf] dfWod jf6 ;fd'bfoLs jf ;/sf/L ljBfnosf] z}lIfs u'0f:t/df pNn]Vo ?kdf ;'wf/ ug{ ;lsG5 . z}lIfs ;d:of ;dfwfgsf]nflu ;d'bfo :t/ b]vLg} s]Gb|;Dd ;'emfj / bafj lbg] / k|fKt ;'emfj / bafjnfO{ ;sf/fTds ?kdf lng] kl/kf6L j;fP/ lzIff If]qsf] lhDd]jf/L ;fy{s ?kdf jxg ug]{ kl/kf6L j;fpg ;lsG5 . :yfgLo ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?sf] ;~hfn / ;d'bfo tyf gful/s ;dfhsf] ;s[otfdf ljBfno x]/ cleofg ;+~rfng ug]{ xf] eg] ljBfnosf] lgodLt cg'udg x'g], lzIfsnfO{ lgodLt / lhDd]jf/ x'g k|]/Lt ug]{ / z}lIfs Joj:yfkg / cleoGtf aLr l:jsf/ of]Uo jftfj/0f jGg] b]lvG5 . lzIff / To;sf] k|of]u÷/f]huf/Lsf]nflu lghL If]q jf ahf/ ;Fu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ug]{ kl/kf6L / lzIffly{nfO{ cWoog ;dodfg} cWoog/t If]qdf cNksfnLg jf cf+lzs /f]hu/Lsf] kl/kf6L j;fpg ;s] lzIffn] lhljsf]kfh{gdf ;xof]u ug{ ;S5 .

lhNnfdf jg]sf cfjlws lhNnf ljsf; of]hgf / ljBfnodf jg]sf ljBfno ;'wf/ of]hgf cg';f/ Ps 4f/ k|0ffnL dfkm{t lzIff ;+u ;+alGwt sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug]{, u}x| ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] :yflgo ;d'bfon] p7fPsf lglZrt ;jfnx?df s]lGb|t eP/ sfd ug]{ kl/kf6Lsf] ljsf; ug]{, / cleefjs lzIff, tyf ;a}sfnflu lzIff / u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf] nflu ef}lts tyf af}l4s jftfj/0fsf] lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u ugf{n]] lzIff If]qsf w]/} ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 .

u'0f:t/Lo lzIff af6 dfq gofF g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f x'g ;S5 . gofF g]kfnsf] lgdf{0fsf]nflu cfkm|gf] ;fF:s[lts klxrfg / c?sf] ;Eotfsf] ;Ddfg lbg] lzIff, / Hfflto, If]lqo, eflifs, n}lËs lje]b cGTo ub}{ ljZjJofkLs/0f / k|ljlw k5\ofpg] lzIffsf] ;fy;fy} /fli6«otf / /fi6« k|]d Pj+ g]kfnL ljljwtfsf] ;Ddfg ug{ l;sfpg] lzIff k|bfg ug]{ g;lsPdf gofF g]kfn lgdf{0fsf] ;kgf ;fsf/ x'g] 5}g . gofF g]kfnsf] lzIff k|0ffnL th'{df / pQm k|0ffnL cjnDag ug]{ z}lIfs /0fgLlt ljsf;sfnflu ;d'bfosf k|ltlglw, :yfgLo lzIffljå tyf a'l4lhjL, x'b} lzIffsf s]lGb|o :t/sf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?, /fhlglts bn / /fHo aLr a[xt 5nkmn / cGt/s[of jf6 ;a}sf] ;xdltdf :ki6 sfo{ of]hgf ;lxtsf] sfo{qmd th'{df u/L sfof{Gjog u/]/ lzIffsf] clwsf/ / b]z / ;dfhsf] cfjZostfnfO{ k'/f ug{ ;Sg] u'0f:t/sf] lzIffsf] ;'lglZrttfsf]nflu /fHon] cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+u ;dGjo ug'{ clt cfjZos 5 . 

King did not addressed

zfxL 3f]if0ffn] ;+af]wg gu/]sf ;jfnx?

Clifs]z kf08]

itsmehimalaya@gmail.com

r}q @$, @)^@ b]lvsf] cfd x8\tfn ;Fu} cl3 a9]sf] hgcfGbf]ngn] !^cf}+ lbg kf/ ul/;Sbf ;Dd cfˆgf]] u}/ lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ x7df b[9 /x]sf /fhfn] !^cf}+ lbgdf ;ft /fhg}lts bnx?sf] u7aGwgnfO{ km]/L Ps k6s k|wfg dGqLsf] cfjZostfsf] lj1fkg ydfP/ hg cfGbf]ngnfO{ dTy/ kfg]{ hdsf]{ u/]sf 5g\ . a}zfv * ut]sf] /fhfsf] ;+jf]wgnfO{ s]nfpbf /fhfjf6 ljBdfg ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] nflu vf;} kxn ePsf] gb]lvP klg /fhfn] ljutdf cfkm"n] uNtL u/]sf] s'/f hgtf ;dIf hfx]/ u/]sf 5g\ . ;ftbn tyf dfcf]jfbL / cfd hgtfsf] Go"gtd dfu nf]stGqTds u0ftgq . -8]df]s|]l6s l/kAnLs_ :yfkgfsf] nflu ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfjsf] 3f]if0fsf] dfu /fv]sf] ;Gb{edf /fhfn] s'l6n rfn ul/ cfkm"n] lnPsf] hgftfsf] gf;f] ''sfo{sf/L clwsf/ Æ ;ftbn jf6 l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] k|wfg dGqL dfkm{t hgtfdf g} lkmtf{ u5'{ eGg] 3f]if0ffn] cj an ;ftbnsf] lgoGq0fdf k'u]sf] cef; x'G5 . cj pk|fGt g]kfnsf] eljio cj jGg] cGtl/d ;/sf/ / pQm ;/sf/n] b/jf/nfO{ sqf] 3]/f leq lgolGqt ug{ ;S5 eGg] s'/fdf lglxt 5 . g]kfnL hgtf ;w} cfkm\g} g]tfx?n] sdfO{ /xg] v'§f b]lv em:sG5g\ . st} clxn] klg b/jf/ l5gf{;fy z]/ jxfb'/x? ;j} s'/f ;lRrPsf] 5 eGb} dVv kb}}{ ædf};'kmsf] x's'd, lgufx, / afx'nLÆ h:tf zAbsf] k5f8L s'k|Lg] x'g sL eg]/ g]kfnL hgtf t;]{sf 5g\ . o; k6s km]/L /fhf cfkm\gf] rfndf ;kmn eP eg] bnx?sf] cl:yTj hgtfn] g} ld6fO lbg] 5g\\ .

/fhfsf] ;Daf]wgn] k|d'v ?kdf ;ft kf6L{sf g]tfx?nfO{ nf]Eofpg] tkm{ eGbf cuf8L s]xL u/]sf] 5}g . x'g t /fhf :jod\n] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ff ug]{ xf]Og h;/L gu/kflnsf r'gfjsf] 3f]if0ff eof] . ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] 3f]if0ff cGt/Ld ;/sf/n] ug'{k5{ t/ /fhfsf] 3f]if0ffdf o; af/] s]xL s'/f cfPsf] 5}g . /fhfsf] ;Daf]wgdf 5'6fpg} gx'g] ljifox? lyPM ;j} cf:yfsf aGbLx?nfO{ lg;t{ l/xf, cGtl/d ;/sf/sf] nflu cfJxfg, dfcf]jfbLnfO{ xltof/ la;fO{ d'n wf/df cfpg cfu|x, hgcfGbf]ngsf] qmddf 3fOt] ePsfx?sf] l;3| :jf:Yo nfesf] sfdgf, hgcfGbf]ngsf] qmddf zlxb x'g]x?sf] cfTdfsf] rL/ zflGtsf] sfdgf, hgcfGbf]ngdf ePsf] hgwgsf] Iflt k|lt Ifdf ofrgf tyf cGtl/d ;/sf/åf/f u/fOg] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg / pQm ;+ljwfg ;efn] tof/ u/]sf] ;+ljwfgn] lbPsf Go'gQd ;]jf, ;'ljwf / ;t{df -kl/wL leq_ g]kfnsf] ;Ddflgt / dof{lbt /fhf eO{ a:g dGh'/ ePsf] 3f]if0ff ;lxt hgtfnfO{ zfGt /lx cfkm\gf] cfkm\gf alga'tf]df nfuL /xg cg'/f]w . o:tf] ;Daf]wg /fhfaf6 lsg cfjZos lyof] eg] ljut !% dlxgfsf] cjlwdf ePsf aGb, x8\tfn, cfGbf]ng / hgwgsf] Iflt ;j} s'/fsf] lhDd]jf/L dGqL kl/ifb cWoIfsf] gftfn] :jod\ /fhfn] lng' kg]{ lyof] . t/ o;f] ePg . To;}n] hgtfx?n] cfh} cfGbf]ngnfO{ lj;fO{ xfNg' kg]{ l:ylt b]lv+b}g .

xfnsf] cj:yfdf ef/t / cd]l/sf /fhf s} kIfdf / ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ljkIfdf b]lvPsf 5g\ . h; sf/0f /fhfsf] ;Daf]wg k|lt tTsfn ;dy{g hgfPsf 5g\ . o:tf] x'g'sf] k5f8L g]kfndf b]lvPsf] afdkGyL zlQm k|d'v sf/0f xf] . cd]l/sf Pp6f o:tf] b]z xf] h;sf] klxnf] zq' eg]sf] afdkGyL zlQm xf] . htL g} k|hftfGqLs ePklg sDo'lgi6 kf6L{x? cd]l/sfsf] nfuL ;}Xo x'Fb}gg\ . o;}u/L cfkm' wd{ lg/k]If /fi6« ePklg ljzfn hg;+Vof lxGb' ePsf] ef/tn] /fhfnfO{ h'g s'g} ?kdf -cGttM ;+j}wfgLs ePklg_ /flv/fVg / g]kfnfO{ lxGb' /fi6« agfO{ /fVg wd{sf] gfddf /fhgLlt ug]{ ef/tLo g]tfx? dfkm{t lbnf] Hofgn] nfUg] 5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf b/jf/sf] cuf8L dfq geO{ ef/t tyf cd]l/sfsf] cuf8L lgl/x k|f0fL h:t} x'g] xfd|f ;ftbnsf g]tfn] hgtfsf] kIfdf slt s7f]/ lg0f{o ug{ ;S5g\ pgLx?sf]nflu clxn]sf] ;do Pp6f r'gf}ltk"0f{ ;do xf] . o:tf] r'gf}lt v]Kg k6Ss} g;Sg] Hofb} sDhf]/ JolQm z]/axfb'/ b]pjf hf] k|wfg dGqLsf] kbdf ¥ofn r'xfO xfN5g\ tyf k|wfg dGqLsf] kb eg]kl5 d/]/klg ljpFlemg] lul/hf afa' b]lv g]kfnL hgtf Hofb} tl;{G5g\ . st} plgx? km]/L k|wfg dGqLsf] kb sf] vflt/ hgtfsf] alnbfgnfO{ df6f]df t ldnfpb}gg\ . ltgLx?sf] sDhf]/Lsf] kmfObf p7fpg ef/t / cd]l/sfsf] ;xof]udf b/af/n] e/k"/ k|of; ug]{ 5 . t/ cj b]z gt z]/axfb'/sf] 6n6'n] kf/fn] rN5 gt lul/hf afa'sf] ck|hftfGqLs k|hftGqn] rN5 . olb plgx? km]/L k|wfg dGqLsf] kb sf] vflt/ b/jf/ k;] eg] hgtfn] plgx?sf] cl:yTjnfO{ ;dfKt kfg]{ 5g\ . t;y{ ;j} g]tfx?n] of] dxfg hgcfGbf]ngaf6 nf]stGqfTds zf;g Joj:yf :yfkgf ug{sf] nflu s7f]/ lg0f{osf ;fy cl8s /xg' kg]{5 . tt\ kZrft dfq dfcf]jfbLnfO{ /fhgLlts d'nwf/df NofO{ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfj / ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 gofF ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf0f{ ;Dej 5 h;n] /fhf rflxg], grflxg], jf s'g kl/wLdf a:g] /fhf rflxg] eGg] s'/fsf] lgSof]{n ug]{5 . olx cfd g]kfnL hgtfsf] clxn]sf] rxfgf xf] .

International Criminal Court

cGt/fi6«Lo kmf}hbf/L cbfnt M nTofO{Psf] k|lta4tf

 Clifs]z kf08]

O{d]nM itsmehimalaya@gmail.com

>fj0f ! ut] dfO{tL3/ d08nfdf lbpF;f] rf/ ah] b]vL Ps 306f hlt ;do clwsf/sld{x?n] Kn]sf8{, Aofg/, krf{, kDkn]6 ;lxt pleP/ latfP . lt Aofg/, krf{, kDkn]6 tyf Kn]sf8{x?sf] d'Vo ;Gb]z lyof] g]kfn ;/sf/n] Ps jif{ cuf8L ->fj0f (, @)^# df_ cGt/fi6«Lo kmf}hbf/L cbfnt -/f]d ljwfg_ cg'df]bg ug{ Aoj:yfkLsf–;+;b af6 kfPsf] cfb]z / ;/sf/sf] k|lta4tfsf] :d/0f ;/sf/nfO{ u/fpg' . t/ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] la8Dagf s:tf], Aoj:yfkLsf–;+;bn] /f]d ljwfg cg'df]bg ug'{ k5{ elg Psdtn] kf; u/]/ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ /f]d ljwfgdf x:tfIf/ ul/ g]kfnnfO{ kIf /fi6« agfpg lgb]{zg lbP klg ;/sf/ o; kIfdf ;'';'Kt al;/xg'n] ;/sf/ jf:tjdf cem} nf]stflGqs x'g rflx/x]sf] 5}g eGg] :ki6 x'G5 . 

h"nfO{ ! b]vL & ;Dd ljleGg hgr]tgf a9fpg], x:tfIf/ ;+sng ug]{ / ;/sf/ tyf /fhg}lts kfl6{x?nfO{ cfkm"n] ljutdf u/]sf k|lta4tf ;+:d/0f u/fpFbf clwsf/sld{x?nfO{ nfUof] ;/sf/n] cGt/fi6«Lo kmf}hbf/L cbfntdf cfhef]nL g} x:tfIf/ ul/ o;sf] kIf /fi6« aGb}5 . t/ xfn;Dd klg o;f] ePsf] 5}g . >fj0f (, @)^# df ;/sf/nfO{ cGt/fi6«Lo kmf}hbf/L cbfnt cg'df]bg ug{ ;+;bn] lgb]{zg lbP klg ;/sf/n] xfn;Dd ;+;bnfO{ ;d]t 9fF6L/x]sf]df gful/s ;dfh tyf clwsf/sld{nfO{ 9fF6g' gf}nf] ePg .

/f]d ljwfg ulDe/ k|s[ltsf ck/fw -h:tf] g/;+xf/, dfgjtf lj?4sf] ck/fw, o'4 ck/fw tyf cfqmfdstfsf] ck/fw_ ug]{x?nfO{ b08Lt ub}{ To:tf ulDe/ ck/fwx? /f]syfd ul/ ck/fwLx?nfO{ plgx?n] u/]sf] ck/fw k|lt hjfkmb]xL agfO{ b08xLgtfsf] cGTo ug]{ p2]Zo af6 k|]l/t 5 . of] cGt/fi6«Lo :t/sf] klxnf] cGt/fi6«Lo :jtGq cbfnt xf] . /f]ddf ;g\ !((* df !@) b]zx?sf] a}7s af6 Pp6f :jtGq cbfntsf] cfjZostfsf af/]df 5nkmn ul/ cGt/fi6«Lo kmf}hbf/L cbfntsf] kl/sNkgf ul/of] / /f]d ljwfg !((* tof/ ul/of] . kl5 ;g\ @))@, h"nfO{ ! df j}wfgLs ?kdf ^) /fi6«x? o;sf kIf /fi6« eP kl5 /f]d ljwfgsf] cfwf/df of] cbfnt j}wfgLs ?kdf u7g eof] / sfof{Gjogdf cfof] . cGt/fi6«Lo kmf}hbf/L cbfnt :yfkgfsf] cfwf/ jf:tjdf Go"/]Dju{df gfhL ck/fwLx?nfO{ ;hfFo u/]kl5 / ?jfG8f / k"j{ o'uf]:nfeLofdf ePsf g/;+xf/sf bf]ifLx?nfO{ sf/jfxL ug'{kg]{ b]vLPkl5 eljiodf ;d]t dfgj lj?4sf ck/fw ug]{x?nfO{ GofoLs cË dfkm{t ;hfFo u/fpg cfjZos b]vLPsf]n] tof/ ePsf] xf] . of] cGt/fi6«Lo kmf}hbf/L cbfntdf hgj/L !, @))^ ;Dd !)$ kIf /fi6« e};s]sf 5g\ .

xfdL ;a}n] ef]u]sf] s'/f s] xf] eg] g]kfndf klg ljleGg dfgjtf lj?4sf ck/fw, o'4 ck/fw tyf cfqmd0fsf] ck/fw e}/x]sf 5g\ . t/ lt s'g} klg ck/fwLx? ;hfFosf] efuL ePsf 5}gg\ . To;}sf/0f klg g]kfndf b08xLgtf h/h/ ?kdf /x]sf] :ki6 5 . Toltdfq xf]Og åGå/t ;dodf, ljleGg k|sf/sf cfGbf]ngsf qmddf lbOg] r/d oftgfx? klg dfgjtf lj?4sf ck/fwx? x'g . /fhg}lts ?kdf zlQmdf a:g]x?n] zlQmsf] pGdfb af6 36fpg] cdfgljo 36gfx? / ck/fwx?sf] afah'b klg pgLx? ;hfFosf] efuLbf/ x'g g;Sg] cj:yf b]zdf /x]klg cGt/fi6«Lo rf;f]sf] sf/0f To:tf ck/fwLx?nfO{ cGt/fi6«Lo kmf}hbf/L cbfnt dfkm{t ;hfFo lbnfpg ;lsg] x'gfn] o; cbfntsf] cf}lrTo 7"nf] /x]sf] 5 .

bz jif]{ z;:q åGåsf 3fpx? k'l/g gkfpFb} t/fO{df ljleGg z;:q ;d'xx? b]vLg' / a]nfavtdf ck/fwLs ultljlw / 36gfx? 36\g', ;/sf/ jf u[xdGqLn] To:tf ;d'xnfO{ jftf{df af]nfpg] gfddf wDsLk"0f{ efiffsf] k|of]u ug'{ tyf sltko z;:q ;d'xn] g]kfnsf] ef}uf]nLs, wfld{s tyf ;fdfhLs–;f:s[lts ljljwtfdf /x]sf] ;lxi0f'tf / cfk;L ;b\efjnfO{ vNaNofpg] / ;fDk|bfoLstf e8\sfpg] k|s[ltsf u}/ lhDd]jf/k"0f{ efif0f jf aStAox? lbg' h:tf 36gfx?n] g]kfnsf] åGåsf] ?kfGt/0fdf 7"nf] r'gf}tL ljBdfg /x]sf] oyfy{ :ki6 x'G5 . cem /fhf jf /fhfjfbLx? af6 km]/L klg s' x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf ;a} nf]stflGqs zlQmx?n] b]vL/x]sf] kl/k]Ifdf lxhf]sf] h:tf] c;f]h !* / df3 !( km]/L klg bf]xf]/Lg ;S5g, hg cfGbf]ng–@ h:t} c? yk cfGbf]ng x'g ;S5g / hg cfGbf]ng–@ df eGbf a9L bdg x'g ;S5 . xfnsf nf]stflGqs zlQmx? e"ldut x'g ;S5g, hgtf 8/ qf;sf] e'd/Ldf kg{ ;S5g . o;/L x]bf{ jf:tjdf g]kfn åGå ?kfGt/0fsf] h6Ln df]8df plePsf] 5 . b]z z+s}z+sfn] el/Psf], ;+qmd0fsfndf /x]sf] / ;+qmd0fsfn nlDaO/x]sf] cj:yfdf 5 . o; ;Gbe{df klg g]kfnL hgtfsf] afFRg kfpg] clwsf/sf] ;'lgZrLttf / efjL ck/fwLx?nfO{ ;hfFo lbnfpg cGt/fi6«Lo kmf}hbf/L cbfntsf] ckl/xfo{tfnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] dgg ul/ o;sf] kIf /fi6« aGg' clt cfjZos 5 .

t/ ;/sf/ Ps jif{ b]vL o; sfo{df cuf8L a9\g ;s]sf] 5}g . k|d'v /fhg}lts bnsf g]tfx?, ;/sf/sf dGqLx? pN6} gful/s ;dfh / clwsf/sld{sf cu'jfx?nfO{ ;f]W5g\ lsg g]kfn cGt/fi6«Lo kmf}hbf/L cbfntsf] kIf /fi6« ePsf] 5}g elg . Pp6f gf6s, ;/sf/ tyf 7"nf /fhg}lts bnsf g]tfx?n] ;+w} dGrg ul//xG5g\ / hgtfnfO{ u'd/fxdf /fvL/fVg rfxG5g\ . jf:tjdf xfd|f g]tfx? slxNo} nf]stflGqs x'g rfx]gg\ . plgx?n] hgtfsf] elQmdf nfUg' kg]{ cfjZostf slxNo} b]v]gg\ . a? lgnDaLt /fhfs|} k'hf / ljb]zL zlQm /fi6«s} s7k"tnL aGg' eGbf k/ l;Gsf] ;Dd gefFRg] ;/sf/ tyf /fhg}lts bnn] h;/L @)$^ ;fnsf] kl/jt{gsf] b'?kof]u ub}{ g]kfndf z;:q åGå lgDTofP, km]/L klg hg cfGbf]ng–@ sf pknAwLsf] /Iff lo g]tfx? af6 xf]nf eGg] s'/f z+sfs} 3]/fdf 5 . jf:tjdf o:tf] lsg x'G5 < zfob ;/sf/ s'g} cb[Zo zlQm af6 ;+rfnLt 5 . To:tf] zlQm h"g ck/fwLs dfgl;stf / ultljlwdf tNnLg 5 . To;}n] t ;+;bsf] lgb]{zg dfGg ;/sf/ afWo b]vLb}g, gful?s ;dfhsf ;'emfj o;nfO{ kRb}g / 6]an d'lg af6 eP klg b/af/sf] k'hf ub{5 . cGt/fi6«Lo kmf}hbf/L cbfnt cg'df]bg ug{ klg ;/sf/n] clwsf/sld{x?nfO{ 9fF6L/x]sf] 5 . /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u nfO{ ;';'Kt kl/Psf] 5 . olb o:t} cfn6fn] k|s[lt /fvL/fVg] xf] eg] xfnsf] ;/sf/ / /fhg}lts bnn] hg cfGbf]ng–@ sf pknAwL u'd]sf] lbg lgDTofpg] 5g clg plgx? cfkm} / g]kfnL hgtf km]/L ToxL ck/fwLs ;d'xsf] ;/sf/sf hgtf aGg] 5g\ h;sf bf]ifLnfO{÷ck/fwLnfO{ sf/jfxL ug]{ x};Lot g t g]kfnL ;dfh ;+u x'g]5 g t o;df ljZj ;d'bfon] rf;f] b]vfpg] 5 .

xf] o:tf] kl/l:ytL cfpg glbg klg cGt/fi6«Lo kmf}hbf/L cbfnt cg'df]bg ul/ g]kfn kIf /fi6« aGg' clt cfjZos 5 . h;n] g]kfnL ;dfhdf dfgjLo ck/fw ug]{x?nfO{ cbfntsf] s73/fdf pEofpg ;Sg] 5 . ha b08lxgtf /lx/xG5 ta lk8Ltx?df cqmf]; k}bf x'G5, ;dfhdf ljb|f]x / ljljwvfn] åGå rs{G5 / d'n's cGof]n, c/fhstf / cl:y/tf tkm{ wslnG5 . o:tf] kl/l:ytL cfpg glbg / g]kfndf cuf8L a9L/x]sf] zflGt k|s[ofnfO{ k'0f{tf lbg, dfgj clwsf/sf] xgg ul/ h3Go ck/fw ug]{nfO{ b08 / ;hfFosf] efuLbf/ u/fpg cGt/fi6«Lo kmf}hbf/L cbfnt cg'df]bg ug}{ kg]{ b]vLG5 . ctM ;r]t gful/s, gful/s ;dfh, clwsf/sld{, ;+rf/ dfWodx? ;a}n] Ps :j/df ;/sf/nfO{ emsemsfpg' k/]sf] 5 h;n] ;/sf/nfO{ Ps jif{ klxn] cfkm}n] u/]sf] k|lta4tf k'/f ug{ k|]/Lt u/f];\ , Joj:yflksf–;+;bn] klg cfkm'n] Ps jif{ cuf8L ;/sf/nfO{ lbPsf] lgb]{zgsf] pknlAw jf/] ;/sf/ ;+u >fj0f ( ut]s} ;fO{tdf hgsf/L dfuf];\ .   

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kl/jlt{t g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df ljbfsf] Joj:yf

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labf clwsf/ xf]Og, of] t ;'ljwf xf] . g]kfn ax'eflifs, ax' ;fF:s[lts Pj+ ax'wfld{s b]z ePsf]n] xfn;Dd rlncfPsf -lxGb' wd{ ;:s[tL ;DaGwLt rf8kj{sf_ kj{ labfx?df cGo wd{ ;:s[tL;+u  ;DaGwLt rf8kj{x?sf labfx? yKb} hfg] xf] eg] ;+ejtM g]kfndf sfd ug'{kg]{ lbgx? b'n{e g} xf]nfg . ;du|df g]kfndf gofF jif{x? dfq} klg %–& j6f 5g\ . wd{ ;:s[lt cg';f/sf rf8kj{ t cgluGtL g} 5g . x/]s lbg s'g} g s'g} wd{ ;d'bfo jf hftL ljz]ifsf] ljz]if rf8 k/]s} x'G5 . o:tf] kl/l:ytLdf b]zdf ljbf Joj:yf clt g} ;f]r k'–ofP/ to ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5 . gofF jif{sf] cfudg ;+u} gofF kfqf] lgdf{0f b'|t ultdf e} /x] klg ljbfsf] ;Gbe{df xfn;Dd vf;} jx; ePsf] gkfOPsf]n] o; n]v dfkm{t ljbf ;DalGw jx; rnf]; / pko"St k4lt cg';f/ gofF g]kfndf ljbf Joj:yf xf];\ eGg] dgzfo n] of] n]v tof/ kf/]s]f x'F .

gofF aif{sf] cfudg ;+u;+u} gofF g]kfndf ljljw s'/fdf kl/jt{g cfjZos b]lvG5 . oxL lznlznfdf g]kfndf ljutsf jif{x?df lbOb} cfPsf labfx?df klg kl/jt{g ug'{ h?/L 5 . xfn gofF jif{sf] kfqf] k|sfzgsf] sfo{ cuf8L al9/x]sfn] cfpFbf] aif{df  ljbfsf] af/]df ;/sf/n] ;a}eGbf klxn] dlGq kl/ifbsf] a}7saf6 :ki6 ?kdf gofF g]kfndf x'g] ljbf Joj:yf ;fj{hgLs ug'{ clt cfjZos 5 . x'gt xfn} dfq dlGq kl/ifbn] ljleGg wd{ ;:s[lt dfGg] hgtfnfO{ ltlgx?;+u ;DalGwt rf8kj{df ljbf lbg] lg0f{o ul/;s]sf] 5 t/ lt ljbfx? TotL :ki6 / k|ofKt cyjf Jofjxfl/s b]lvb}gg\ .

;/sf/sf] lg0f{oaf6 lqmZrLogx?nfO{ lqm;d;df, O:nfdx?nfO{ Ob tyf js/ Obdf, t/fO{ hghftL -yf?_ nfO{ df3Ldf / 3f]8]hfqf, OGb|hfqf tyf ufO{hfqfdf sf7df08f}|df ljbf lbg] eGg] lg0f{o cg'lrt 5}g . t/ To:tf ljbf cfkm}df k|ofKt 5}gg\ . h:tf] sf7df08f}| aflx/ klg k|z:t g]jf/ ;d'bfo ePsf] x'gfn] / ufO{hfqf, OGb|hfqf h:tf kj{df plgx?nfO{ klg pQm ljbf rfxLg] x'g;Sg] x'gfn] o;df k"g{ljrf/ ug'{ cfa:os b]lvG5 . o;sf cltl/St sltko wd{ ;:s[ltsf JolQmnfO{ ljBdfg bz}+ ltxf/sf] ljbf cfjZos gx'g klg ;S5 . To;}n] lt kj{df ;a}n] ljbf lng'k5{ eGg] dfGotf klg /lx/xg' Tolt plrt b]lvb}g . ctM oxfF lgDgfg';f/ @ k|sf/sf ljbf k|:tfj u/]sf] 5' .

·        /fli6«o ljbf

/fli6«o ljbfsf] ;Gbe{df b]zn] dfgL cfPsf] ;do cg';f/sf] gofF jif{ lbj;, ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf0f{ e};s]kl5 ;+ljwfg lbj;, nf]stGq lbj;, zlxb lbj; cfbL h:tf gofF g]kfnsf]] ;[hgf ug{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf ultljlwx? ePsf] lbgnfO{ /fli6«o ljbfsf] ?kdf dfGg'k5{ / Tof] lbg /fli6«o ljbfsf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ . lt ljbfx? /fli6«o :t/df g} ;Gbe{ cg';f/sf pT;j tyf ljljw sfo{s|d ul/ dgfpg] kl/kf6L a:g' cfjZos 5 . o:tf /fli6«o kj{x?df ljz]iftM x/]s gful/sn] :j:km"t{ ?kdf ;xefuL x'g] jftfj/0f ePdf dfq o:tf kj{sf] dxTj /xG5 / lt afx]ssf ;a} kj{ ljbfx?nfO{ ;a}If]qsf >lds, sd{rf/Lx?n] cfkm\gf] wd{, ;:s[lt, OR5f / cfjZostf cg';f/ lng ;lsg] agfpg' ckl/xfo{ 5 . h;n] ljbfsf] ;xL ;b'kof]u dfq ge} sfof{no tyf Jofj;foLs k|lti7fgdf x'g] sfo{x? lgodLt x'g ;S5g .

 

·        kj{ ljbf

>lds tyf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ k|bfg ul/g] ljbfsf] lznlznfdf kj{ ljbfnfO{ v'Nnf ?kdf 5f]l8g'k5{ cyf{t sd{rf/Lx?n] cfkm\gf] hftLotfsf] cfwf/df cfkm"n] h'g wd{ dfGg] xf] Tof] wd{ cg';f/sf] r8kj{df rfx]sf] a]nfdf ljbf lng kfpg'k5{ . h:t}+ lxGb' wd{ dfGg]n] bz}+df ljbf lng kfpg'k5{ eg] c? wd{ dfGg]n] cfkm\gf] wd{ ;:s[lt cg';f/sf] rf8kj{df kfos÷cfjZos kg]{ a]nfdf ljbf lng kfpg' kg]{ ul/ kj{ ljbfnfO{ v'Nnf 5f]l8g'k5{ . o:tf] Joj:yf nfu' ePdf sfof{nox? tyf Jofj;foLs k|lti7fgx? klg zlgjf/ afx]s ;a} rf8kj{df nfdf] ;do;Dd aGb ug'{kg]{ cj:yf cfpg] 5}g . ;/sf/L, u}/ ;/sf/L, z}lIfs, ljlQo cfbL x/]s If]qdf of] Joj:yf nfu' ePdf b]zsf] ;Dk"0f{ :t/sf sfof{nox?af6 hgtfn] h'g;'s} a]nf klg ;]jf lng ;Sg]5g . o:tf ljbfx? l:js[tL ug]{ clwsf/ x/]s sfof{nosf sfof{no k|d'vnfO{ lbO{ x/]s >lds tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ aflif{s?kdf ;dfg ;do kj{ ljbfsf] ?kdf cfcfkm\gf] wd{, rf8kj{, OR5f / cfjZostf cg';f/ ljbf lng ;Sg] Joj:yf ug{ ;s]df clt g} pko"St x'g]5 . o;sf cltl/St c:tJo:t z}lIfs If]qnfO{ ;lx dfu{df Nofpg :ki6 z}lIfs kfqf] / z}IfLs k|lt:7fg tyf ;d'bfonfO{ lbOg] ljbfx? klg :ki6 tf]sLg' cfjZos x'G5 . ljz]iful/ dfyL elgP h:tf] ljbf -:j]lR5s ljbf_ z}lIfs If]qdf Tolt Jofjxf/Ls gx'g ;S5 h'g s'/fsf] af/]df klg ljrf/ k'–ofpg' cfjZos 5 .